“Expansion without Extinction” Walawe River Basin Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Harmonizing Environmental Considerations with Sustainable Development Potential of River Basins – UNESCO HELP Symposium Eng. Dr. Sarath Abayawardana Director, National Science Foundation, Sri Lanka Former Head, Sri Lanka Program, International Water Management Institute 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 1 Background “Walawe” is a HELP ‘ operational’ Basin, proposed by the � International Water Management Institute (IWMI) g ( ) IWMI operated this basin as one of its ‘ Benchmark Basins’ � EXPANS ION WITHOUT EXTINCTION: Biodiversity and Livelihoods � in the Walawe Left Bank Irrigation Upgrading and Extension Proj ect Material presented here to a very large part is acknowledged to � IWMI IWMI MASL IWMI IUCN Nippon Koei � Partners: Royal Netherlands Embassy Sri Lanka 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 2 1
IWMI Benchmark Basins Weli Oya Anicuts Samanala reservoir Walawe river Tunnel Kaltota Irrigation Scheme Katupath Oya Power station Scrutinizing g River Basins: A Field Laboratory 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 3 Benchmark Basin Concept Monitoring & Evaluation Impacts p Strengthening Research - Development Capacity IWMI Global National Basin Interventions Building Research Priorities Options � Mapping � Long term � Integration � Continuity � Tools and � Synergy Methodologies IWMI Research Framework and Themes Partnerships, Sm all Scale Research, Database developm ent i.e. know ledge base on basin 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 4 2
Walawe Basin Ruhuna Basins Colombo 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium Hambantota 5 Ruhuna Basins Kirindi Oya Kirindi Oya Walawe Menikganga Malala Oya Butawa Oya B t O Bambawe Oya Kachchigala Ara Kiri Oya ndi Karagan Oya Wala we Menik g a nga Butaw a Oya M a la l a O ya m b Ba a we Oya Kac hc higala Ara Karagan Oy a 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 6 3
Walawe Features • Basin Area: 2,442 Km2 • Length of the river: 84.9 Km Balangoda • Altitude range: sea level to 2395 m • Average annual precipitation: 2050 mm with uneven spatial distribution • Seasonal distribution: two wet seasons with peaks in April and November Embilipitiya • Estimated annual river flow at the outlet: 34 Mm3 • Left Bank Expansion 5152 ha Hambantota 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 7 Ambalantota Walawe Features s s s s s s d d d d d d s s s n n n d d d n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a h h h l l l l l l h h h h h h l l l g g g g g g g g g H H H i i i i i i H H H H H H i i i Upland platform Upland platform Upland platform Upland platform Upland platform Upland platform Upland platform Upland platform Upland platform Kaltota Balangoda Samanalawewa Samanalawewa Samanalawewa Samanalawewa Samanalawewa Samanalawewa Samanalawewa Samanalawewa Samanalawewa dam dam dam dam dam dam dam dam dam dam dam dam s s s Walawe Walawe Walawe Walawe W l W l W l W l Walawe Walawe W l W l s s s s s s W l W l Walawe Walawe W l Walawe y y y y y y y y y e e e e e e e e e river river river river river river river river river l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l a a a l l l a a a a a a v v v v v v v v v d d d d d d d d d n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a s s s s s s s s s e e e e e e e e e g g g g g g g g g Uda Uda Uda Uda Uda Uda Uda Uda Uda d d d d d d d d d i i i i i i Walawe Walawe Walawe R R R i i i Walawe Walawe Walawe Walawe Walawe Walawe R R R R R R dam dam dam dam dam dam dam dam dam Embilipitiya UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS UWIS Karagan Karagan Karagan Karagan Karagan Karagan Karagan Karagan Karagan oya oya oya oya oya oya oya oya oya Kachchigala Kachchigala Kachchigala Kachchigala Kachchigala Kachchigala Kachchigala Kachchigala Kachchigala ara ara ara ara ara ara ara ara ara 0 10 20 Hambantota Kilometers Ambalantota 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 8 4
Walawe Divide between highlands/ridges and the plain Features Samanala reservoir Kaltota Irrigation scheme (254 Mm3) Balangoda Walawe Energy river generation g Uda Walawe National Park Uda Walawe reservoir Uda Walawe (268 Mm3) irrigation scheme Right bank main canals left left Embilipitiya Uda Walawe Extension irrigation scheme irrigation scheme under const. Left bank main canals right right Liyangastota anicut Chandrika reservoir Hambantota 0 10 20 Ridiyagama Paddy fields reservoir Kilometers 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 9 Ambalantota Uda Walawe Dam 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 10 5
Upstream Panoramic From the Uda Walawe Dam 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 11 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 12 6
Ancient Sluice 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 13 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 14 7
23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 15 The Banana Bonanza 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 16 8
Small Tanks 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 17 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 18 9
Challenge ? 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 19 Demography Total population in the basin: 574,000 Livelihoods: � Agriculture and Livestock - 90% of the population of which � Irrigated paddy cultivation - 40% � S lash & burn cultivation - 30% � Home garden cultivation - 20% � Other - 10% 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 20 10
Population Population density 2001 Inhabitant/km2 500 - 3,600 1981 2001 300 - 500 150 - 300 1 - 150 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 21 Irrigation 761 anicuts 650 small tanks 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 22 11
Power-Irrigation conflict 40 Mm3= Rs. 210 million/year lost for CEB while the agricultural revenue g from this water diverted Leak is around Rs. 62 million/year. How to force farmers in Kaltota to reduce water consumption? 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 23 New developments Diversion to Mala Oya Left bank Extension Area 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 24 12
Ruhunapura and development scenarios 100 Mm3 in 2030 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium Port & Industrial areas 25 Institutions for IWRM Organization Role Ministry of Irrigation & Policy formulation and national level decision making for Water Resource management of water resource in Sri Lanka. Implementing Management Participatory Management policy in major irrigation systems * Irrigation Management in the country Division Department of Irrigation Designing, planning and construction of irrigation reservoirs and canal systems to provide irrigation facilities for farmers. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) of irrigation systems Water Resource Board Groundwater research & development of deep wells National Water Supply & National Water Supply & Domestic water supply improving drainage facilities in urban Domestic water supply, improving drainage facilities in urban Drainage Board areas Department of Agricultural Rehabilitation, operation & maintenance of minor irrigation tank Production and / canal systems Development 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 26 13
Institutions for IWRM [Ctd..] Organization Role Mahaweli Authority of Sri Operation & maintenance of Uda Walawe reservoir and its canal Lanka system Ceylon Electricity Board Management of Samanalawewa Reservoir for hydropower generation & downstream irrigation requirements National Aquatic Research Policy formulation & national level decision making for fishery Administration (NARA) management in freshwater, costal & lagoon resources in Sri Lanka.( Research on Fishery industry related activities) International Water A Future Harvest Centre and part of the Consultative Group for Management Institute International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), focusing on sustainable management of land and water resources in t i bl t f l d d t i developing world. Walawe is one of the IWMI Benchmark basins, which serve as field laboratories for research, capacity building and partnerships with multiple stakeholders 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 27 Main Issues and Challenges New water allocation & management in Uda Walawe � Future diversion to Ruhunapura Future diversion to Ruhunapura � � � Afforestation impact on chena and hydrology New management in Kaltota � Bio-diversity conservation � « Intensification » of chena cultivation � � Floods and Droughts: flood impacts are alleviated by the existence of a large number of surface storage tanks. Droughts occur every 3 to 5 years. Parts of the t k D ht 3 t 5 P t f th basin experience water scarcity problems during February - March and July – October in almost every year. 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 28 14
Basin Investigations Basin development trajectories � W Water productivity d i i � Water allocation and rights � Equity and distribution of benefits � � Agriculture vs. environment Food production and security � Institutions for basin level management � The basin within its wider economic and � political context 23 March 2010 UNESCO Help Symposium 29 Expansion without Extinction Extinction 30 15
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