Ergonomics approach and tools Matt Birtles www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach The goal of ergonomics is to create a balanced and effective relationship between the needs of the workforce, the requirements of the activity and the influence of the environment. www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach � Human centred � Holistic � Applied human machine work environment www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach human human � Study humans (and all machine their limitations) work � Who are your workers? environment www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach Ensure that machines/tools meet workforce needs machine human work environment www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach � Ensure work suitable for humans workers human work machine environment www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach Ensure environment is safe, healthy and conducive to work tasks human machine work environment www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach � Provides an approach for understanding the workforce and what they do, to make judgements on risk and find human improvements. machine work environment www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach The benefits of a human-centred approach? � risk is reduced, � performance enhanced and � acceptance and satisfaction are improved. www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
Ergonomics approach exposure environment posture repetition psychosocial load individual MSD www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? • lower frequency, • higher force (~ >4kg per hand), � Manual Handling • gross movement of the body/torso, • generally lower back symptoms. • higher frequency (>twice per min), � Upper Limb Disorders • repetitive use of upper limbs, • reduced forces, • less movement in the body, • generally upper limb symptoms. � Posture • possibly no set forceful task, • often none neutral posture (bending), • often stationary task. www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling MAC L23 www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling L23 www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling L23 www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling L23 • HSE authored • Covers all risk factors • 2 key parts (risk filter and risk checklist) • Long winded / time consuming • Covers non-relevant factors • Subjective • Often misinterpreted eg. “25kg limit” • Well established (courts & inspectorate) • Thorough • Obviously schedule 1 of MHOR • List of risk factors and probable solution www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling MAC www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling MAC • HSE authored • Traffic light approach to risk • Quantifies risk (internally) • Assesses lifting, carrying and team handling tasks • Push pull tool is on it’s way www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling MAC • Less obviously Schedule 1 of MHOR • Psychosocial and individual often overlooked (including gender) • Well established • Quick to use • Simple to understand and interpret • Strong guidance • HSE guidance (EMM) • Easy to teach and share • Highlights key risk factors • Compares tasks within an organisation www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling & ULDS QEC www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling & ULDS QEC � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling & ULDS QEC � � � � � � � � � � � � 6 6 6 4 4 4 12 12 12 10 10 10 � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8 8 � � � � � � � � � � � � 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 4 8 8 8 www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling & ULDS QEC • Developed by Surrey University, revised for HSE • Well evaluated • Designed to be highly useable • Will assess manual handling or upper limb disorders • Assess risk to 4 main body areas www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling & ULDS QEC • Back end a bit laborious • Action limits are not to be used too rigidly (little validation) • Does not deal will multi-element tasks (i.e. job rotation) • No too many weaknesses, I like it. www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Manual Handling & ULDS QEC • Quick to complete, easy to use • Designed for Occ. Health Practitioners • Participatory approach with workforce • Provides action limits • Good at comparing a large number of tasks • Include psychosocial factors • Validity and usability confirmed • Indicates body area are greatest risks http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/rrpdf/rr211.pdf http://www.hse.gov.uk/food/live.htm#msd www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders HSG 60 ART www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders HSG 60 • HSE authored • Risk factors listed • Similar approach to L23 • Good for when thorough examination or a small number of tasks is required www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders HSG 60 • Long winded – time consuming • Not so accessible to communicate • Does not provide simple comparison of risks or tasks • Does not deal will multi-element tasks (i.e. job rotation) www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders HSG 60 • Simple approach • Easily understood • Well guided • Very thorough and comprehensive • Applies to all upper limb tasks • Good guidance and explanation given in the HSG60 book • List of risk factors, reasons they are relevant and possible management methods • Mild boredom www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders ART www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders ART 18 Se 18 Sept ‘07 pt ‘07 Mrs X Mrs X Co Company Y any Y Ironing sheets Ironing sheets The worker has to pi The worker has to pick sheets fr ck sheets from om a bi a bin, l n, locate cate the cor the corner ers s and feed them on to attachm and fe ed them on to attachments for the nts for the machine to iron machine to iron automatically. automatically. <1 kg <1 kg � None None N/A N/A ~14 ~14 www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders ART start start 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 13 13 12 12 14 14 finish finish 2 3.5 3.5 Daily Daily Daily Daily Placing fold Placing folded she ed sheets on conve ts on conveyor or www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders ART www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? The assessment is split into four stages. Each stage covers a different risk: Frequency and repetition of the A A C D C D A A movements B B Force applied by the worker Awkward postures of the neck, C C back, arm, wrist, and hand B B Additional factors, such as D D breaks, work pace, duration and other factors All together ART assesses 12 risk factors that are common in repetitive work. The level of risk (colour) of each risk factor is determined by following the instructions in the assessment guide. www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? � Upper Limb Disorders ART www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
What approach to take? www.hsl . gov.uk An Agency of the Health and Safety Executive
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