Environmental Impacts and Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Mitigation Rappertour: Lourdes Maurice : Lourdes Maurice – – FAA FAA Rappertour Session Chair: Cesare Cesare Bernabei Bernabei – – CEC DG TREN CEC DG TREN Session Chair: Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - - Baltimore, Baltimore, 1 Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar 1 MD MD
Aviation Environmental Issues Aviation Environmental Aviation Environmental Challenges Challenges Air Quality Community Noise Impacts Water Quality Global climate Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 2 MD
Presentations Presentations � SOURDINE II Assessment Aspects of Noise Abatement Procedures - NLR � Human Factors Implications of Continuous Descent Approach Procedures for Noise Abatement in Air Traffic Control – MIT � Variability of Contrail Formation Conditions and the Implications for Policies to Reduce the Climate Impacts of Aviation – Imperial College � Environmental Tradeoffs Assessment Around Airports – ENVISA/EUROCONTROL Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 3 MD
Presentation Themes Presentation Themes � Environmental issues are a major concern that Environmental issues are a major concern that � must be addressed to increase capacity must be addressed to increase capacity � Greenhouse gas emissions a growing area of Greenhouse gas emissions a growing area of � focus focus � Must consider tradeoffs Must consider tradeoffs � � Collaboration Critical Collaboration Critical � Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 4 MD
Capacity Capacity � Operations an attractive nearer term opportunity to Operations an attractive nearer term opportunity to � mitigate environmental impacts – – Continuous Continuous mitigate environmental impacts Descent Approach receiving widespread attention receiving widespread attention Descent Approach � Noise Noise traditional focus traditional focus – – must consider safety, must consider safety, � capacity, cost/benefit, emissions implications capacity, cost/benefit, emissions implications � Acceptability key Acceptability key – – must consider acceptability by must consider acceptability by � both pilots and air traffic controllers both pilots and air traffic controllers � Must understand Must understand user needs user needs and develop and develop � technologies to facilitate transition technologies to facilitate transition � Analytical tools Analytical tools needed to assess impacts needed to assess impacts � � Implementation Implementation a major challenge a major challenge – – requires requires � global approaches global approaches Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 5 MD
Greenhouse Gases Greenhouse Gases � Aviation contributes 3.5% of global GHG emissions Aviation contributes 3.5% of global GHG emissions � – likely to grow in context of other sources likely to grow in context of other sources – � Significant uncertainties Significant uncertainties surround relative surround relative � contributions from various emissions contributions from various emissions � Temporal and spatial Temporal and spatial uncertainties make uncertainties make � assessment challenging assessment challenging � Impact could be mitigated by Impact could be mitigated by operational procedures operational procedures � – but must carefully consider cost/benefit and but must carefully consider cost/benefit and – tradeoffs tradeoffs � Policy decisions need to be Policy decisions need to be informed by science informed by science � � Science needs to be informed by Science needs to be informed by operational operational � requirements requirements Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 6 MD
Tradeoffs Tradeoffs � Tradeoffs between noise and emissions and Tradeoffs between noise and emissions and � amongst emissions recognized, but not generally not generally amongst emissions recognized, but considered in policy decisions in policy decisions considered � ICAO and others ICAO and others recognize the importance of recognize the importance of � addressing tradeoffs in the future tradeoffs in the future addressing � Monetizing impact Monetizing impact key to future inform mitigation key to future inform mitigation � policies policies � Tools for assessing tradeoffs Tools for assessing tradeoffs are in their infancy are in their infancy � and require further development and validation and require further development and validation Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 7 MD
Collaboration Collaboration � Success Successful research efforts generally ful research efforts generally entails a entails a � multi- -disciplinary, multi disciplinary, multi- -organizational organizational approach approach multi � Environment is a global problem Environment is a global problem requiring global requiring global � solutions solutions � Need to strengthen Need to strengthen international research ties international research ties in in � environment environment Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 8 MD
Future Directions Future Directions � Robust analyses of Robust analyses of capacity and economic impact capacity and economic impact � of environmental mitigation actions of environmental mitigation actions � Robust treatment of Robust treatment of interrelationships interrelationships � � International ties International ties between research efforts critical between research efforts critical � to success to success � Increase ties between Increase ties between science and operations science and operations � � Need to consider Need to consider alternative sources of energy alternative sources of energy � But, are radical changes (like hydrogen) feasible? But, are radical changes (like hydrogen) feasible? Thursday, July 14, 2005 6th USA/Europe ATM R&D Seminar - Baltimore, 9 MD
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