Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities Alexia Leseur, Maria Mansanet Bataller and Morgan Hervé-Mignucci Mission Climat of Caisse des Dépôts

Introduction ■ Existence of climate change: mitigation actions ■ Inevitability of climate change impacts: necessity to adapt ■ Focus on energy infrastructures in France Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 2

Methodology retained ■ A three step process Sensitivity of Energy Energy Ability to React => Infrastructures to infrastructures at risk Adaptation Options Climate Change • Energy system • Sensitivity to gradual • Hard adaptation cartography changes and exposure • Soft adaptation to extreme events based • Financing adaptation on IPSL and CNRM models Vulnerabilities of the energy system => Adaptation needs identification Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 3

Literature Survey ■ European studies on climate change and energy infrastructures: UK, Ireland, and Spain. ■ Energy Production � Direct damages to installations and impacts on input and output levels ■ Energy Transport and Furniture � Direct damages to infrastructures ■ Energy Demand � Demand spikes in the summer and lower demand in Winter Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 4

Plan 1. The French Energy System 2. Vulnerabilities of the French Energy System to Changing Climate Conditions 3. Adaptation Options for Energy Infrastructures Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 5

Plan 1. The French Energy System 2. Vulnerabilities of the French Energy System to Changing Climate Conditions 3. Adaptation Options for Energy Infrastructures Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 6

Energy Production and Storage Map Gravelines Mardyck Dunkerque Hornaing Bouchain Penly Taisni ères Le Havre Port -Jerôme Obergailbach La Hague Gonfreville Paluel Flamanville Cattenom Chooz Petite -Couronne Emile Huchet Vitry/Seine La Maxe Grandpuits Reichstett Soulaines Dampierre Fessenheim Blénod Nogent Donges Chinon Morvilliers St Laurent Cordemais Montoir de Oil power plant Belleville Bretagne Oltingue Lucy Gas storage Civaux Gas storage in project Bugey Gas field St Maurice Feyzin St Alban Blayais CO 2 storage in project Entrance / Exit Combined cycle gas turbine Cruas Methane Terminal Tricastin Golfech Provence Coal-fired power plant Fos La Mede Nuclear power station Larrau Lavera Source: Mission Climat of Caisse Nuclear wastes storage Berre des Dépôts based on Observatoire de l’Energie Fos sur Mer Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 7

Energy Transport Map 400 kV Natural gas pipeline Oil pipeline Source: Observatoire de l’Energie Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 8

Plan 1. The French Energy System 2. Vulnerabilities of the French Energy System to Changing Climate Conditions 3. Adaptation Options for Energy Infrastructures Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 9

Rise in Summer Temperatures by 2070-2099 (A2 scenario) and French Energy Production and Storage Source: Mission Climat of Caisse des Dépôts based on Observatoire de Oil power plant l’Energie and Greenpeace-Climpact (2005) Gas storage Gas storage in project Gas field CO 2 storage in project Entrance / Exit Combined cycle gas turbine Methane Terminal Coal-fired power plant Nuclear power station Nuclear wastes storage Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 10

Expected Number of Heat Wave Days in 2080 (A2 scenario) and French Energy Production and Storage Gravelines Gravelines Gravelines Mardyck Mardyck Mardyck Dunkerque Dunkerque Dunkerque Hornaing Hornaing Hornaing Bouchain Bouchain Bouchain Penly Penly Penly Taisni Taisni Taisni ères ères ères Le Havre Le Havre Le Havre Port-Jerôme Port-Jerôme Port-Jerôme Obergailbach Obergailbach Obergailbach La Hague La Hague La Hague Gonfreville Gonfreville Gonfreville Paluel Paluel Paluel Flamanville Flamanville Flamanville Cattenom Cattenom Cattenom Source: Mission Climat of Caisse des Dépôts based on Observatoire de Chooz Chooz Chooz Petite Petite Petite -Couronne -Couronne -Couronne Emile Huchet Emile Huchet Emile Huchet Vitry/Seine Vitry/Seine Vitry/Seine La Maxe La Maxe La Maxe Grandpuits Grandpuits Grandpuits Reichstett Reichstett Reichstett Soulaines Soulaines Soulaines Fessenheim Fessenheim Fessenheim Dampierre Dampierre Dampierre Blénod Blénod Blénod Nogent Nogent Nogent Donges Donges Donges Chinon Chinon Chinon Morvilliers Morvilliers Morvilliers St Laurent St Laurent St Laurent Cordemais Cordemais Cordemais Montoir de Oil power plant Belleville Belleville Belleville Bretagne Oltingue Oltingue Oltingue Lucy Lucy Lucy l’Energie and Greenpeace-Climpact (2005) Gas storage Civaux Civaux Civaux Gas storage in project Bugey Bugey Bugey St Maurice St Maurice St Maurice Gas field Feyzin Feyzin Feyzin St Alban St Alban St Alban Blayais Blayais Blayais CO 2 storage in project Entrance / Exit Cruas Cruas Cruas Combined cycle gas turbine Tricastin Tricastin Tricastin Methane Terminal Golfech Golfech Golfech Provence Provence Provence Coal-fired power plant Fos Fos Fos La Mede La Mede La Mede Nuclear power station Larrau Lavera Lavera Lavera Nuclear wastes storage Berre Berre Berre Fos sur Mer Fos sur Mer Fos sur Mer Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 11

Max. number of consecutive dry days in Summer and French hydro plants End of XXI century previsions Current Climate Source: Mission Climat of Caisse des Dépôts based on Observatoire de l’Energie and IMFREX Final Report. Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 12

Plan 1. The French Energy System 2. Vulnerabilities of the French Energy System to Changing Climate Conditions 3. Adaptation Options for Energy Infrastructures Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 13

Adaptation Options for Energy Infrastructures ■ CLASSIFICATION: � Anticipatory vs. reactive; local vs regional; short vs long term... ■ ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURES: � Protective infrastructures hard adaptation measures � Adapting energy infrastructures themselves soft adaptation measures ■ Examples of soft adaptation measures : PLAN ■ Importance of no-regret adaptation measures � Energy efficiency ■ Financing adaptation measures: � actors, factors, the role of climate uncertainty Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 14

Concluding Remarks ■ Much still to be done at on adaptation to climate change ■ Adaptation is local � Difficult to standardize adaptation measures ■ Difficulty of adapting to climate change: uncertainty regarding climate change impacts at the local level � Difficult to chose among the measures available FLEXIBILITY is NEEDED ■ French energy system � Vulnerable to climate change (production, transport, storage) � Change on energy consumption patterns � Wide range of adaptation options ■ Adaptation opportunity cost Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 15

■ Research Adaptation Program: � Adaptation to climate change and infrastructure choice ■ Club ViTeCC Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 16

Thank you for your attention! Infraday 2008 (Berlin) Energy Infrastructures in France: Climate Change Vulnerabilities and Adaptation Possibilities 17