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EMnify IoT Webinars Cellular Connectivity IoT Customer Cases - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 03, 2022 •294 likes •702 views

EMnify IoT Webinars Cellular Connectivity IoT Customer Cases Anywhere In The World Their Challenges and Solutions Smart e-Health e-Scooter Smart GPS Industry Agriculture Building Tracker Seamless Integration Partners In the Cloud

  2. EMnify IoT Webinars Cellular Connectivity IoT Customer Cases Anywhere In The World Their Challenges and Solutions Smart e-Health e-Scooter Smart GPS Industry Agriculture Building Tracker Seamless Integration Partners In the Cloud Their view on State of Art IoT Technology Sensors Antenas Batteries Wireless Modem Saft proprietary information – Confidential 2

  3. Why is the battery so crucial for a connected device ? At the heart of every IoT system is POWER Power availability is critical to the IoT infrastructure 2 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  4. Batteries are in Saft’s DNA for more than 100 years GLOBAL PRESENCE - SALES GROUP PROFILE 100+ years of history 32% 35% Leadership position 33% Europe North on 75-80% of revenue base Asia, MEA, America LatAm 12.4% invested in R&D with 3 main technologies; primary lithium, lithium-ion & nickel-cadmium 3,000+ 4,500+ €796m revenue FY 2019 € customers people 3 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  5. Saft Connected Energy Division Focus on small primary and rechargeable lithium solutions 40 7 2 years of factories production rechargeable chemistries: experience - LiNiMnCoO 2 (NMC) 3 - Blend (NMC/NCA) brands: - Saft - Tadiran 3 - Eterrnacell primary lithium chemistries: - Li-SOCl 2 - Li-MnO 2 - Li-SO 2 Our priority: reliably powering B2B IoT applications Saft proprietary information – Confidential 4 Battery for cellular device

  6. Saft’s Connected Energy for IoT: where to find our solutions ? Saft CE is powering devices within a wide applications’ domain 5 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  7. BATTERIES: A VAST WORLD 6 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  8. What is a battery ? 7 7 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  9. What is a battery ? Electrolyte Separator: Insulator porous to ions Sealed can / container Ion conductive Positive Negative active active + material material Separato r Electrolyte Cathode Anode Electron taker Electron giver 8 Saft proprietary information – Confidential 8 Battery for cellular device

  10. Many different shapes – Battery packs (multiple cells) – Single cells Serial connection • Cylindrical • Parallel connection • Prismatic • Serial – parallel connection • Button/Coin • Pouch • 9 9 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  11. And different internal constructions too ! Ex of Lithium Thionyl Chloride cells + + Glass-to-metal Glass-to-metal seal seal Lithium metal Separator Lithium metal Electrolyte Electrolyte Separator Carbon catalyst Carbon catalyst Can Can Safety vent - - Bobbin construction Spiral construction (High energy cells) (High power cells) 10 10 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  12. Basics in electrochemistry – In an electrochemical generator Voltage, current, load of the application drive • chemical reaction Energy produced is electricity • – The electrochemical reaction Chemical reaction inside generator due to electrons • exchange Oxydizer: electron taker ○ Reducing agent: electron giver ○ Electrons are used through electrical current outside • generator 11 11 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  13. Why are lithium-based technologies so popular ? - Nominal voltage of the Reducing agent Oxydizer cell depends on electrochemical couple - Li-ion : 3.7 V - Ni-MH: 1.25 V - Ni-Cd: 1.25 V - Li-SOCl 2 : 3.6 V - Li-MnO 2 : 3 V - Alkaline 1.5 V High nominal voltage is important to electronics applications 12 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  14. Most common battery chemistries Rechargeable Non rechargeable (primary) Lead acid (2 V nominal voltage) Alkaline (1.5 V nominal voltage) – – • Low price, heavy, still highly used in industrial environments • Consumer type, hi (forklift trucks, UPS, backup batteries…). Short life compared to Lithium Iron Disulfide (Li-FeS 2 , 1.5 V nominal voltage) – other types Was used in replacement of alkaline cells Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd, 1.25 V nominal voltage) • – Lithium Manganese Dioxide (Li-MnO 2 , 3 V nominal voltage) – Medium price, used in lead acid replacement as Total Cost of • Ownership is better Exists in consumer grades (cameras..) and industrial. High power • and good voltage response to pulse Nickel-Metal-Hydride (Ni-MH, 1.25 V nominal voltage) – Lithium Sulfur Dioxide (Li-SO 2 , 2.8 V nominal voltage) – Higher energy density than Ni-Cd. • For military use and medical (defibrillators): high power cells, Lithium-ion (3.7 V nominal voltage) • – very good in cold environments Designation of many different chemistries: NCA, NMC, FePO 4 … • Lithium Carbon monofluoride (Li-CF x , 3 V nominal voltage) – with various characteristics. Needs a more sophisticated battery management than other types. Most popular form factor was High temp cells, for special applications • 18650 cylindrical types, used in laptop Lithium Thionyl Chloride (Li-SOCl 2 , 3.6 V nominal voltage) – Li-ion Polymer (3.7 V nominal voltage) – Adopted by smart metering, IoT applications (and historically, • Same as lithium-ion but in soft casing (vs 18650) with a different • by military equipment applications). Very wide range of electrolyte, used in mobile phones, tablets, thin laptops, temperatures (-60°C to +85°C and more for some cells) With high energy densities , low self-discharge , stable voltage , lithium primary batteries are a good match with IoT needs for long life and standalone solutions 13 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  15. Do Lithium rechargeable batteries last longer than primary ones ? Non Rechargeable rechargeable Lithium Lithium (primary) - Cycle life - Medium to high discharge rates (A) - Medium self discharge - Fit & forget solutions - Generally from -20°C to +60°C - Low to medium discharge rates (from µA to a few - Need of an external energy source for A) charging & of a battery management - Very low self discharge (ca 1% per yr at 20°C) system - Wide temperature ranges (-60°C up to +85°C or more) - Standalone applications Non rechargeable doesn’t mean consumer grade Single use doesn't mean “must be replaced” 14 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  16. CONNECTIVITY SOLUTIONS 15 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  17. Connectivity solutions : 3 impacting factors Data Power consumption while emitting Tx transmission rate High Medium Low Wi-Fi – Data transmission rate Traditional cellular High rate networks – Transmitting distance (2G, 3G, 4G) – Power consumption LPWAN LTE-M Cat 1 (Release13) are key features of a LTE NB-IoT LP-PAN connectivity solution and (Release 13) BLE Medium rate NFC are impacting each LP-WLAN RFID ZigBee LoRa other Z-Wave WirelessHART Low rate Sigfox Short distance Medium distance Long distance Transmitting distance 16 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  18. LPWAN protocols typical profiles What is the yearly consumption for one transmission / day ? 2G/3G > 4000 mAh LoRaWAN: ca. 130 mAh NB-IoT LTE-M: 250 to 300 mAh For 10 yrs: AA or A size cell A, C or D size cell Complex solution: Multi D size Traditional cellular connectivity is more compatible with Li-ion technologies 17 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  19. Battery Data sheet What’s in Batteries’ data sheets ? – Nominal Voltage – Operating Temperature range – Nominal Capacity – Maximum Continuous Current – Maximum Pulse Capability How to properly use this information ? 18 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  20. VOLTAGE SELECTION 19 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  21. Cell voltage vs discharge current curve Datasheet’s information – Open Circuit Voltage – Nominal Voltage – Voltage Plateau Batteries are NOT Constant Voltage Generators !!!!! 20 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  22. Check the battery voltage compatibility with your usage Ex of device’s characteristics – Minimum Operating Voltage = 2.5 V – Minimum Operating Temperature = -20°C 2.5 V – Data Tx Maximum Peak Current > 100 mA 100 mA Data is not available for this voltage level -> testing is required 21 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

  23. Example of Li-SOCl 2 AA size cell behavior under current pulse (100 mA) Cells artificially aged Fresh cells (1-month storage at 70°C) BC U1C3 Cells # 1-3 3,6 3,6 3,2 3,2 2,8 2,8 2,4 Voltage / V 2,4 Voltage / V 2,0 2,0 1,6 1,6 Open Circuit Voltage 1,2 1,2 Transient Minimum Voltage 0,8 0,8 Voltage Recovery 0,4 0,4 0,0 0,0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Days Days Even when “aged” cells, a long period of testing might be necessary 22 Saft proprietary information – Confidential Battery for cellular device

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