EMISSION NORMS - INDIA
S.NO COMBUSTION PRODUCT AFFECTEDPART PROBLEMS OF THEBODY HYDROCARBON Eyes, Lungs Causes irritation, 1 lung Cancer CARBON MONOXIDE Reduces the oxygen Body carrying capacity of 2 The blood and readiness with which the blood gives up oxygen to the tissues may cause heart diseases. Toxic effect on lungs, 3 NITROGEN Lungs Causes acute OXIDES bronchitis in infants and School children. PARTICULATE Causes eye irritation 4 MATTER Eyes, Lungs, skin and reduction to Visibility, can cause lung cancer, can cause skin disease can cause trouble in breathing. Causes eye irritation 5 SMOKE Eyes and reduction in Visibility.
APPLICABLE EMISSION NORMS IN INDIA Off highway On Application DG sets Tractors highway (Construction (8 mode Equipment (Cars,Trucks Vehicles) ISO-8178 C1) & Buses) 5 mode 8 mode 8 mode ISO -8178-D2 ISO -8178-C1 ISO -8178-C1 Test Cycle Vehicles Vehicles Cars & 4 GVW <3.5 t GVW >3.5 t Wheeler driving cycle on 13 mode driving cycle chassis dyno ISO- 8178 -A / on chassis OR dyno ESC & ELR 13 mode ISO-8178-A / ESC & ELR
EMISSION NORMS CEV means rubber tyred / padded or steel drum wheel mounted, self propelled excavator, loader, backhoe, - INDIA dumper, motor grader, mobile crane, dozer thereof designed for off-highway operations in mining, Off highway CEV irrigation and general construction manufactured with “on or/and off” highway capabilities. (Construction Equipment Vehicles) 6 7 8 MODE 1 2 3 4 5 Torque % 100 75 50 10 100 75 50 0 Speed Low 8 mode Rated Intermediate idle ISO -8178-C1 Weighting 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.1 0.1 0.15 Factor CO PM Date of NOx HC NOx + HC Stage Capacity g/kW-h g/kW-h Implementation g/kW-h g/kW-h g/kW-h Current ALL 1-7-2000 18.0 3.5 --- 14.0 --- INDIA STAGE 37 - 74 kW 9.2 1.3 --- 6.5 0.85 – II Proposed from 75 – 129 kW 9.2 1.3 --- 5.0 0.7 (Same as Apr. 2007 Europe stage 1) 130 – 560 kW 9.2 1.3 --- 5.0 0.54 18 – 36 kW --- --- 7.5 5.5 0.6 INDIA STAGE – III 37 - 74 kW --- --- 4.7 5.0 0.4 Proposed from (Same as Apr. 2011 75 – 129 kW --- --- 4.0 5.0 0.3 Europe stage IIIA 130 – 560 kW --- --- 4.0 3.5 0.2
EMISSION NORMS- INDIA On highway (cars, Trucks, Buses) Cars Light duty Diesel Vehicles. Diesel Vehicles. < 6 persons (LCV / HCV) (Trucks & Buses) GVW 2500 - 3500 kgs < 2500 kg GVW GVW > 3500 kgs. Driving Cycle Driving Cycle 13 mode 13 mode OR on Chassis on Chassis ISO -8178-A ISO -8178-A / Dynamometer Dynamometer ESC & ELR (on engine dynamometer) (on engine dynamometer) Table A Table B Table C Table D
MODIFIED INDIAN DRIVING CYCLE (MINDC)
TABLE A NOx + CO PM Date of NOx Stage HC g/km g/km Implementation g/km g/km Apr. 2003 for NCR & 10 Cities Bharat Stage II --- 0.7 1.00 0.08 (Same as Euro 2) Apr. 2005 Nationwide Apr. 2005 for NCR & 10 Cities Bharat Stage III 0.50 0.56 0.64 0.05 (Same as Euro 3) Apr. 2010 Nationwide NCR - National Capital Region (Delhi) 10 Cities - Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahemadabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur and Agra.
TABLE B Date of CO PM NOx NOx + HC Stage Implementation g/km g/km g/km g/km India 2000 2000 --- 1.70 6.90 0.25 (Same as Euro 1 of light trucks ) Bharat Stage II Apr. 2005 --- 1.20 1.5 0.17 (Same as Euro 2 Nationwide of light trucks) Apr. 2005 Bharat Stage III NCR + 10 cities 0.78 0.86 0.95 0.10 (Same as Euro 3 Apr. 2010 of light trucks) Nationwide TABLE C Date of CO PM NOx HC Stage Test Cycle Implementation g/Kw-h g/Kw-h g/Kw-h g/Kw-h India 2000 2000 ISO 8178 A 0.36 (> 85 kW) 8.0 1.1 4.5 (Same as Euro I 13 Mode 0.61 (< 85 kW) of heavy trucks ) Bharat Stage II Apr. 2005 ISO 8178 A 7.0 1.1 4.0 0.15 (Same as Euro II Nationwide 13 Mode of heavy trucks) NCR - National Capital Region (Delhi) 10 Cities - Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahemadabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur and Agra.
TABLE D Date of CO PM Smoke NOx HC Stage Test Cycle Implementation g/Kw-h g/Kw-h m-1 g/Kw-h g/Kw-h 0.36 India 2000 ISO 8178 A (for > 85 kW) 2000 8.0 1.1 4.5 --- (Same as Euro I ) 13 Mode 0.61 (for < 85 kW) ISO 8178 A Apr. 2005 Bharat Stage II 7.0 1.1 4.0 0.15 --- Nationwide (Same as Euro II) 13 Mode Apr. 2005 ESC & ELR NCR + 10 cities Bharat Stage III 5.0 0.66 2.1 0.1 0.8 13 Mode Apr. 2010 (Same as Euro III) Nationwide NCR - National Capital Region (Delhi) 10 Cities - Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahemadabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur and Agra.
ISO 8178 A (13 Mode) / ECE R 49 MODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Low Low Low Speed Intermediate Rated idle idle idle Torque % 0 10 25 50 75 100 0 100 75 50 25 10 0 Weighting 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.25 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.08 Factor
EUROPEAN STATIONARY CYCLE (ESC) MODE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Speed A B B A A A B B C C C C C Torque % 0 100 50 75 50 75 25 100 25 100 25 75 50 Weighting 0.15 0.08 0.1 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 Factor Duration 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (Minutes) n lo = lowest engine speed ( below the rated speed )where 50 % A = n lo + 0.25(n hi - n lo ) of the declared max net power occurs. n hi = Highest engine speed ( above the rated speed) where 70 % B = n lo + 0.50(n hi - n lo ) of the declared max net power occurs. C = n lo + 0.75(n hi - n lo ) During emission certification testing, the certification personnel may request additional random testing modes within the cycle control area ( ref fig). Max emission at these extra modes are determined by interpolation between the results from the neighbouring regular test modes.
EUROPEAN LOAD RESPONSE (ELR) This ELR test has been introduced by EURO III emission regulation for the purpose of smoke opacity measurements. Test consists of a sequece of 3 load steps at each of the 3 engine speeds. A (cycle 1), B ( cycle 2) and C (cycle 3) followed by cycle 4 at speed between A and C and load between 10 to 100 % selected by the certification personnel. Speed A, B and C are defined in ESC cycle. Smoke values are continuously sampled during the ELR test with a frequency of atleast 20 Hs. The smoke traces are then analysed to determined by calculation.
Indian Emission Road Map – Status May 2003 Bharat stage II (Equivalent Euro II*) With effect from Delhi / NCR Mumbai 2000 - 2001 Kolkata Chennai Bangalore Hyderabad Ahmedabad April 1st 2003 Bharat stage II Pune All over India Surat April 1st 2005 Kanpur Agra * EURO II with Indian driving cycle (v max = 90km/h) = Bharat Stage II
Indian Emission Road Map – Status May 2003 Bharat stage III (Equivalent Euro III) With effect from Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Chennai Bangalore 1st April 2005 Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune Bharat stage III Surat All over India Kanpur April 1st 2010 Agra
Indian Emission Road Map - Bharat stage IV (Equivalent Euro IV) With effect from Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Chennai Bangalore 1st Oct 2010* Hyderabad Ahmedabad Pune With effect from Surat ? Kanpur Agra
Mass Emission Standards - Bharat Stage II Passenger car and Light duty vehicle
Mass Emission Standards - Bharat Stage II Passenger car and Light duty vehicle
Modified Indian Driving Cycle (MINDC) Passenger Car & Light Duty Vehicle
Specifications - Emission of Gaseous and Particulate pollutants and Smoke - GVW > 3500 kg Bharat stage II On Engine Dynamometer : Limit values g/kWh for type approval (TA) as well as COP CO HC NO X PM 4.0 1.1 7.0 0.15 1. Implemented in NCR from 23.11.2001, Rest of India : Yet to announce 2. There shall be no relaxation for COP purposes 3. The tests shall be carried out on the engine dynamometer as per ECE R49 4. The reference fuel shall be of a maximum of 0.05 % Sulphur content Source : Notification by Government of India, Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi dt. 24 th April, 2001
Specifications - Emission of Gaseous and Particulate pollutants and Smoke - GVW > 3500 kg Limit values - ESC and ELR test Mass of carbon Mass of Mass of nitrogen Mass of Smoke monoxide hydrocarbons oxides particlates m-1 (CO) g/kWh (HC) g/kWh (NOx) g/kWh (PT) g/kWh 0.1 0.13 (1) A (2000) 2.1 0.66 5.0 0.80 B1 (2005) 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 0.50 B2 (2008) 1.5 0.46 2.0 0.02 0.50 C (EEV) 1.5 0.25 2.0 0.02 0.15 (1) For engines having a swept volume of less than 0.75 dm3 per cylinder and a rated power speed of more than 3000 rpm Source: European Union 88/77/EEC � For type approval to row A of the table, the emissions shall be determined on the ESC and ELR tests with conventional diesel engines including those fitted with electronic fuel injection equipment, exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR), and/or oxidation catalysts. Diesel engines fitted with advanced exhaust after-treatment systems including the NOx catalysts and/or particulate traps, shall additionally be tested on the ETC test. � For type approval testing to either row B1 or B2 or row C of the table the emissions shall be determined on the ESC, ELR and ETC tests. A: Euro 3, B1: Euro 4, B2: Euro 5, C: ??
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