Emergency Vehicle and Emergency Vehicle and Roadway Scene Safety - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Driver/Operator Training Driver/Operator Training • All driver/operators must meet the requirements of • All driver/operators must meet the requirements of NFPA 1002 NFPA 1002 • Must be a formal training program on the exact types • Must be a formal training program on the exact types of apparatus that will be driven in the field of apparatus that will be driven in the field • Departments should consider requiring CDLs to • Departments should consider requiring CDLs to ensure at least a minimal level of training ensure at least a minimal level of training

Benefits of Obtaining A CDL Benefits of Obtaining A CDL • Requires the driver to pass a written, driving skills, • Requires the driver to pass a written, driving skills, and pre-trip inspection test and pre-trip inspection test • Most fire department driver training programs • Most fire department driver training programs already cover the info on the CDL test already cover the info on the CDL test • Provides additional credibility to fire apparatus • Provides additional credibility to fire apparatus drivers drivers • Ensures drivers get regular physicals and drug • Ensures drivers get regular physicals and drug testing testing

Operate The Vehicle Safely! Operate The Vehicle Safely! • Follow applicable traffic • Follow applicable traffic laws, departmental laws, departmental standard operating standard operating procedures, and rules of procedures, and rules of common sense. common sense. Memphis, TN Local 1784 Memphis, TN Local 1784 • It is better to take few • It is better to take few extra seconds to arrive extra seconds to arrive at the scene safely than at the scene safely than to not arrive at all. to not arrive at all.

Case Study 2 – Texas City Case Study 2 – Texas City (IAFF Local 1259) (IAFF Local 1259)

Case Study 2 – Texas City Case Study 2 – Texas City (IAFF Local 1259) (IAFF Local 1259)

Case Study 2 – Texas City Case Study 2 – Texas City (IAFF Local 1259) (IAFF Local 1259) • Damage to • Damage to Texas City E- Texas City E- 33 indicating 33 indicating point of impact point of impact • Note lack of • Note lack of damage to damage to officer’s seating officer’s seating area area

Case Study 2 – Lessons Learned Case Study 2 – Lessons Learned • All apparatus occupants must wear their seat • All apparatus occupants must wear their seat belts at all times when the vehicle is in motion. belts at all times when the vehicle is in motion. • Bring the apparatus to a complete stop at all • Bring the apparatus to a complete stop at all red lights and stop signs. red lights and stop signs.

The Company Officer’s Role: The Company Officer’s Role: • Supervises the driver/operator • Supervises the driver/operator and crew and crew • Acts as a “co-pilot” • Acts as a “co-pilot” • May tell the driver/operator to • May tell the driver/operator to Officer’s Side Officer’s Side slow down, but never to speed up slow down, but never to speed up Speedometer Speedometer • Ensure all members are seated and belted at • Ensure all members are seated and belted at all times all times

Ensuring Seatbelt Safety Ensuring Seatbelt Safety Frisco, TX Local 3732 Frisco, TX Local 3732 Officer’s Side Mirror Officer’s Side Mirror High-Visibility Seat Belts High-Visibility Seat Belts

Case Study 3- Brookline, MA Case Study 3- Brookline, MA (IAFF Local 950) (IAFF Local 950) • The engine made a right turn as it • The engine made a right turn as it pulled from the station pulled from the station • The fire fighter seated behind the • The fire fighter seated behind the driver fell out the door driver fell out the door • The door latch had previously been • The door latch had previously been noted as defective and sent for noted as defective and sent for repair repair • Door hinges attached to cab; latch • Door hinges attached to cab; latch catch attached to body; cab and catch attached to body; cab and body flex differently; door pops open body flex differently; door pops open

Case Study 3 – Lessons Learned Case Study 3 – Lessons Learned • All apparatus occupants • All apparatus occupants must wear their seat must wear their seat belts at all times when belts at all times when the vehicle is in motion. the vehicle is in motion. • Fire departments must • Fire departments must implement and enforce implement and enforce safety policies related to safety policies related to apparatus occupant apparatus occupant safety. safety.

The Fire Fighter’s Role: The Fire Fighter’s Role: • Take responsibility for your own safety and • Take responsibility for your own safety and wear the seatbelt wear the seatbelt • Do not loosen or remove the seatbelt • Do not loosen or remove the seatbelt during the response during the response • Do not ride an apparatus that doesn’t have • Do not ride an apparatus that doesn’t have proper seating and working seatbelts! To proper seating and working seatbelts! To do otherwise is an unsafe act!! do otherwise is an unsafe act!!

NFPA 1500 Exceptions to the Seated NFPA 1500 Exceptions to the Seated and Belted Rule: and Belted Rule: 1. Hose loading operations 1. Hose loading operations 2. Tiller training 2. Tiller training 3. Giving complex patient 3. Giving complex patient care in the back of an care in the back of an ambulance ambulance Frisco, TX Local 3732 Frisco, TX Local 3732

Additional Protective Equipment May Additional Protective Equipment May Be Needed Be Needed 1. Wear helmet and eye 1. Wear helmet and eye protection when in protection when in unenclosed cabs unenclosed cabs 2. Wear hearing protection if 2. Wear hearing protection if exposed to noise above exposed to noise above McKinney, TX Local 4017 McKinney, TX Local 4017 90 dB 90 dB

Case Study 4 – Columbus, OH Case Study 4 – Columbus, OH (IAFF Local 67) (IAFF Local 67) • A view of the • A view of the scene from scene from the exterior the exterior

Case Study 4 – Columbus, OH Case Study 4 – Columbus, OH (IAFF Local 67) (IAFF Local 67) • The view • The view from inside from inside the tavern the tavern

Case Study 4 – Columbus, OH Case Study 4 – Columbus, OH (IAFF Local 67) (IAFF Local 67) • The tillerman • The tillerman received serious received serious injuries injuries

Case Study 4 – Lessons Learned Case Study 4 – Lessons Learned • Fire departments must maintain apparatus in a • Fire departments must maintain apparatus in a safe, operable condition. safe, operable condition. • Fire departments should adopt alternative • Fire departments should adopt alternative response policies for calls that have a high response policies for calls that have a high probability of being non-emergency in nature. probability of being non-emergency in nature.

The Fire Department’s Responsibility: The Fire Department’s Responsibility: • Develop and enforce SOPs for safe response • Develop and enforce SOPs for safe response procedures procedures • Educate all personnel on the SOPs • Educate all personnel on the SOPs • Ensure all applicable laws and standards are • Ensure all applicable laws and standards are followed followed

Apparatus Maintenance Apparatus Maintenance • Develop a program that meets the requirements • Develop a program that meets the requirements of NFPA 1915 of NFPA 1915 • Determine defects that warrant repair and • Determine defects that warrant repair and removal from service removal from service • Do not allow defective apparatus to remain in • Do not allow defective apparatus to remain in service! service!

Conditions That Warrant Removal Conditions That Warrant Removal From Service: From Service: • Excessive leakage of vehicle fluids • Excessive leakage of vehicle fluids • Braking or steering defects • Braking or steering defects • Missing or inoperable seatbelts • Missing or inoperable seatbelts • Inoperable wiper blades • Inoperable wiper blades • Poor tire condition • Poor tire condition Columbus, OH Local 67 Columbus, OH Local 67 • Others as determined by the • Others as determined by the department department

Tool Storage In The Passenger Tool Storage In The Passenger Compartment Compartment • Creates a hazard when loose tools • Creates a hazard when loose tools become airborne during a collision become airborne during a collision • Must minimize tool/equipment • Must minimize tool/equipment storage in the cab storage in the cab • Must be in a compartment or have • Must be in a compartment or have positive locking holders positive locking holders Fort Lauderdale, FL Local 765 Fort Lauderdale, FL Local 765

This Includes SCBAs! This Includes SCBAs! • Many departments are • Many departments are removing SCBAs from the removing SCBAs from the cab cab • Don mask and helmet en • Don mask and helmet en route route • Don rest of SCBA from • Don rest of SCBA from Plano, TX Local 2149 Plano, TX Local 2149 outside compartment once on outside compartment once on the scene the scene

Ambulance Occupant Safety Ambulance Occupant Safety • 45% of EMS Providers in U.S. are fire • 45% of EMS Providers in U.S. are fire departments departments • 300,000 fire department members in U.S. • 300,000 fire department members in U.S. provide EMS services provide EMS services • 82 ambulance occupants were killed • 82 ambulance occupants were killed between 1991 and 2000 between 1991 and 2000

Ambulance Occupant Safety Ambulance Occupant Safety • 58.5% of fatalities • 58.5% of fatalities occurred in the occurred in the patient compartment patient compartment • Use restraint systems • Use restraint systems whenever possible whenever possible • Always use shoulder • Always use shoulder NIOSH Ambulance Body Sled Test NIOSH Ambulance Body Sled Test straps on litter straps on litter Simulates Crash At 25 MPH Simulates Crash At 25 MPH patients patients

Section 3: Fire Department Section 3: Fire Department Response Policies Response Policies After completing this section, the fire fighter will be After completing this section, the fire fighter will be able to: able to: 1. List the five common areas that account for the 1. List the five common areas that account for the majority of fire apparatus collisions. majority of fire apparatus collisions. 2. Explain the safety hazards associated with driving 2. Explain the safety hazards associated with driving through intersections and corrective actions that through intersections and corrective actions that can be taken to lessen the hazard level. can be taken to lessen the hazard level. 3. List the nine situations in which NFPA 1500 3. List the nine situations in which NFPA 1500 requires the apparatus to come to a complete stop requires the apparatus to come to a complete stop before proceeding. before proceeding.

Section 3: Fire Department Section 3: Fire Department Response Policies Response Policies 4. Explain the safety hazards associated with 4. Explain the safety hazards associated with backing the apparatus and corrective actions backing the apparatus and corrective actions that can be taken to lessen the hazard level. that can be taken to lessen the hazard level. 5. List at least five ways in which excessive speed 5. List at least five ways in which excessive speed is manifested during an apparatus response. is manifested during an apparatus response. 6. Explain the hazards that occur when an 6. Explain the hazards that occur when an apparatus’ wheels leave the roadway and safe apparatus’ wheels leave the roadway and safe procedures for bring the apparatus back onto the procedures for bring the apparatus back onto the road surface. road surface.

Section 3: Fire Department Section 3: Fire Department Response Policies Response Policies 7. Discuss the hazards associated with driving the 7. Discuss the hazards associated with driving the apparatus on curves in the roadway and how these apparatus on curves in the roadway and how these hazards can be reduced. hazards can be reduced. 8. Discuss the benefits of fire departments 8. Discuss the benefits of fire departments establishing alternative response policies. establishing alternative response policies. 9. List at least five types of incidents that may warrant 9. List at least five types of incidents that may warrant the response of apparatus under non-emergency the response of apparatus under non-emergency conditions. conditions.

The Five Common Causes of The Five Common Causes of Fire Apparatus Collisions Fire Apparatus Collisions A. Failure to safely traverse intersections A. Failure to safely traverse intersections B. Apparatus backing operations B. Apparatus backing operations C. Excessive speed C. Excessive speed D. Failure to keep apparatus wheels on the road D. Failure to keep apparatus wheels on the road surface surface E. Failure to negotiate curves E. Failure to negotiate curves

Case Study 5 – Chicago, IL Case Study 5 – Chicago, IL (IAFF Local 2) (IAFF Local 2) • Diagram shows • Diagram shows the collision the collision point and final point and final resting position resting position of the apparatus of the apparatus

Case Study 5 – Chicago, IL Case Study 5 – Chicago, IL (IAFF Local 2) (IAFF Local 2) • This shows • This shows the door the door through which through which the lieutenant the lieutenant was ejected was ejected

Case Study 5 – Lessons Learned Case Study 5 – Lessons Learned • Bring the apparatus to a complete stop at • Bring the apparatus to a complete stop at all red lights and stop signs. all red lights and stop signs. • Fire departments must maintain apparatus • Fire departments must maintain apparatus in a safe, operable condition. in a safe, operable condition. • Fire departments should adopt alternative • Fire departments should adopt alternative response policies for calls that have a high response policies for calls that have a high probability of being non-emergency in probability of being non-emergency in nature. nature.

Intersection Hazards Intersection Hazards • The most likely • The most likely location to be location to be involved in a involved in a collision collision Jersey City, NJ Locals 1064/1066 Jersey City, NJ Locals 1064/1066

Safely Negotiating Intersections Safely Negotiating Intersections • Ensure the apparatus has the right-of-way • Ensure the apparatus has the right-of-way before entering intersection before entering intersection • The driver/operator and company officer must • The driver/operator and company officer must work together work together • Complete stops add only 2-3 seconds per • Complete stops add only 2-3 seconds per intersection on the response intersection on the response

Safely Negotiating Intersections Safely Negotiating Intersections • Do not exceed the posted speed limit, even if • Do not exceed the posted speed limit, even if you have a green light. you have a green light. • Remove foot from throttle and place on brake • Remove foot from throttle and place on brake pedal when approaching/negotiating the pedal when approaching/negotiating the intersection. intersection.

When moving to the opposing lane of When moving to the opposing lane of traffic… traffic… • Slow the apparatus to a safe • Slow the apparatus to a safe speed; no more than 20 mph speed; no more than 20 mph • Ensure no oncoming vehicles • Ensure no oncoming vehicles are in the opposing lane are in the opposing lane • Use all available warning • Use all available warning Kansas City, MO Local 42 Kansas City, MO Local 42 devices devices

Traffic Control Devices Traffic Control Devices • May be operated by strobe lights on the • May be operated by strobe lights on the apparatus, the apparatus siren, or GPS apparatus, the apparatus siren, or GPS devices devices • Do not guarantee the right-of-way • Do not guarantee the right-of-way • If the signal does not change in your • If the signal does not change in your direction, apparatus may be approaching direction, apparatus may be approaching from another direction from another direction

Controlling Traffic Signals Controlling Traffic Signals

Case Study 8 – Northlake/Stone Park, IL Case Study 8 – Northlake/Stone Park, IL (Northlake IAFF Local 3863) (Northlake IAFF Local 3863) • Engines from both • Engines from both departments departments approached the same approached the same intersection. intersection. • Northlake’s engine • Northlake’s engine captured the preemption captured the preemption signal signal • Stone Park’s engine • Stone Park’s engine proceeded into the proceeded into the intersection against the intersection against the red signal (without red signal (without stopping). stopping).

Case Study 8 – Northlake/Stone Park, IL Case Study 8 – Northlake/Stone Park, IL (Northlake IAFF Local 3863) (Northlake IAFF Local 3863) • Stone Park’s engine • Stone Park’s engine struck Northlake’s struck Northlake’s engine by the rear engine by the rear tire. tire. • The right front • The right front passenger was passenger was ejected from Stone ejected from Stone Park’s engine and Park’s engine and fatally injured. fatally injured.

Case Study 8 – Lessons Learned Case Study 8 – Lessons Learned • All apparatus • All apparatus occupants must wear occupants must wear their seat belts at all their seat belts at all times when the vehicle times when the vehicle is in motion. is in motion. • Bring the apparatus to • Bring the apparatus to a complete stop at all a complete stop at all red lights and stop red lights and stop signs. signs.

NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete Stop… Stop… • When directed to stop by a law enforcement • When directed to stop by a law enforcement officer officer • At red traffic signals • At red traffic signals • At stop signs • At stop signs Toledo, OH Local 92 Toledo, OH Local 92

NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete Stop… Stop… • At negative right-of-way intersections • At negative right-of-way intersections • At blind intersections • At blind intersections • When the driver/operator cannot account for all • When the driver/operator cannot account for all lanes of traffic in an intersection lanes of traffic in an intersection

NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete Stop… Stop… • When encountering a stopped school bus • When encountering a stopped school bus with activated warning lights with activated warning lights • When any other intersection • When any other intersection hazards are present hazards are present • Unguarded or activated • Unguarded or activated railroad crossings railroad crossings

NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete NFPA 1500 Requires A Complete Stop… Stop… • An apparatus incident involves a civilian fatality • An apparatus incident involves a civilian fatality • Local unions reiterate • Local unions reiterate official response policy official response policy • The Fire Department • The Fire Department complains about complains about increased response increased response times times

Case Study 6 – Los Angeles, CA Case Study 6 – Los Angeles, CA (IAFF Local 112) (IAFF Local 112) • An aerial view of the • An aerial view of the incident scene incident scene • Note the length of • Note the length of distance the distance the apparatus was apparatus was required to back up required to back up

Case Study 6 – Los Angeles, CA Case Study 6 – Los Angeles, CA (IAFF Local 112) (IAFF Local 112) • This diagram • This diagram traces the path of traces the path of the apparatus and the apparatus and notes the location notes the location where the fire where the fire fighter was struck fighter was struck

Case Study 6 – Lessons Learned Case Study 6 – Lessons Learned • Fire departments must adopt and enforce • Fire departments must adopt and enforce safe procedures for apparatus backing safe procedures for apparatus backing operations. operations. • Fire fighters must be prohibited from riding • Fire fighters must be prohibited from riding on the outside of a moving apparatus. on the outside of a moving apparatus. • Initially, the LAFD refused to change their • Initially, the LAFD refused to change their backing policy after this incident. backing policy after this incident.

Case Study 6 – Lessons Learned Case Study 6 – Lessons Learned • Local 112 pushed for and won a change in this policy. JUNE 23, 2005 JUNE 23, 2005 SPECIAL NOTICE SPECIAL NOTICE SUBJECT: REVISED LAFD HEAVY APPARATUS BACKING SUBJECT: REVISED LAFD HEAVY APPARATUS BACKING POLICY POLICY • EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, ALL MEMBERS SHALL ENSURE • EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY, ALL MEMBERS SHALL ENSURE DEPARTMENTWIDE IMPLEMENTATION AND ADHERENCE TO DEPARTMENTWIDE IMPLEMENTATION AND ADHERENCE TO THE FOLLOWING LAFD HEAVY APPARATUS SAFE BACKING THE FOLLOWING LAFD HEAVY APPARATUS SAFE BACKING POLICIES: POLICIES: – NO MEMBER SHALL RIDE ON THE TAILBOARD OR ANY – NO MEMBER SHALL RIDE ON THE TAILBOARD OR ANY RUNNING BOARD OF AN APPARATUS WHEN THE RUNNING BOARD OF AN APPARATUS WHEN THE APPARATUS IS IN MOTION. APPARATUS IS IN MOTION.

Apparatus Backing Collisions Apparatus Backing Collisions • The most common type of apparatus crash. • The most common type of apparatus crash. • Typically do not involve injuries and deaths • Typically do not involve injuries and deaths (although some have occurred) (although some have occurred) • Responsible for a significant percentage of • Responsible for a significant percentage of apparatus damage and dollar losses apparatus damage and dollar losses

A better option… A better option… Where you are • It may be better to go around the block • It may be better to go around the block than to back the apparatus than to back the apparatus Where you are Where you are Where you want to be Where you want to be

NFPA 1500 Backing Guidelines: NFPA 1500 Backing Guidelines: • Must have at least • Must have at least one guide whenever one guide whenever backing the backing the apparatus. apparatus. • Two is preferable, • Two is preferable, although only one although only one should communicate should communicate McKinney, TX Local 4017 McKinney, TX Local 4017 with the with the driver/operator driver/operator

NFPA 1500 Backing Guidelines: NFPA 1500 Backing Guidelines: • The communicator must • The communicator must have radio contact with have radio contact with the driver the driver • May use flashlights at • May use flashlights at night; use care not to night; use care not to Edmond, OK Local 2359 Edmond, OK Local 2359 blind the driver/operator blind the driver/operator

Backing Safety Devices Backing Safety Devices McKinney, TX Local 4017 McKinney, TX Local 4017

Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ (IAFF Local 493) (IAFF Local 493)

Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ (IAFF Local 493) (IAFF Local 493)

Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ (IAFF Local 493) (IAFF Local 493) • Note the damage to • Note the damage to the driver’s door that the driver’s door that resulted in road rash resulted in road rash to the officer to the officer

Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ Case Study 9 – Phoenix, AZ (IAFF Local 493) (IAFF Local 493)

Case Study 9 – Lessons Learned Case Study 9 – Lessons Learned • All apparatus occupants must wear their seat • All apparatus occupants must wear their seat belts at all times when the vehicle is in motion. belts at all times when the vehicle is in motion. • Operate the apparatus at a safe and prudent • Operate the apparatus at a safe and prudent speed at all times. speed at all times.

Hazards of Excessive Speed Hazards of Excessive Speed • Fail to negotiate a curve • Fail to negotiate a curve • Fail to stop before hitting • Fail to stop before hitting another vehicle or another vehicle or stationary object (like a stationary object (like a house) house) • Fail to stop before entering • Fail to stop before entering an intersection or railroad an intersection or railroad crossing crossing • Weight shift causes loss of • Weight shift causes loss of vehicle control vehicle control Fairfax Co., VA Local 2068 Fairfax Co., VA Local 2068

Hazards of Excessive Speed Hazards of Excessive Speed • Lose vehicle control after hitting driving surface • Lose vehicle control after hitting driving surface defect (like a pothole) defect (like a pothole) • Lose vehicle control because of • Lose vehicle control because of swaying/rocking swaying/rocking • Lose vehicle control on wet/snowy/icy roads • Lose vehicle control on wet/snowy/icy roads

Case Study 7 – Charlotte, NC Case Study 7 – Charlotte, NC (IAFF Local 660) (IAFF Local 660) • The painted • The painted orange arrow orange arrow shows where shows where the vehicle’s the vehicle’s wheels left the wheels left the paved surface paved surface

Case Study 7 – Charlotte, NC Case Study 7 – Charlotte, NC (IAFF Local 660) (IAFF Local 660) Final resting Final resting spot for the spot for the engine engine

Case Study 7 – Charlotte, NC Case Study 7 – Charlotte, NC (IAFF Local 660) (IAFF Local 660) The damage to the Charlotte engine The damage to the Charlotte engine

Case Study 7 – Lessons Learned Case Study 7 – Lessons Learned • Operate the apparatus at a safe and prudent • Operate the apparatus at a safe and prudent speed at all times. speed at all times. • Keep all apparatus wheels on the road surface • Keep all apparatus wheels on the road surface at all times. at all times. • All apparatus occupants must wear their seat • All apparatus occupants must wear their seat belts at all times when the vehicle is in motion. belts at all times when the vehicle is in motion.

What Happens When The Right-Side What Happens When The Right-Side Wheels Leave The Road? Wheels Leave The Road? • May sink into soft soil, causing vehicle to • May sink into soft soil, causing vehicle to be pulled further off the road be pulled further off the road • May strike an object or overturn • May strike an object or overturn • Problems as a result of overcorrection may • Problems as a result of overcorrection may occur when trying to bring the wheels back occur when trying to bring the wheels back onto the road surface onto the road surface

Results of Overcorrection Results of Overcorrection • May cause the vehicle to • May cause the vehicle to roll over roll over • May strike another • May strike another vehicle head-on vehicle head-on • May exit the roadway on • May exit the roadway on the opposite side of the the opposite side of the road and overturn or road and overturn or Fairfax Co., VA Local 2068 Fairfax Co., VA Local 2068 strike an object strike an object

Tips for Keeping the Entire Vehicle on Tips for Keeping the Entire Vehicle on the Road the Road • Operate the vehicle at a • Operate the vehicle at a safe and reasonable safe and reasonable speed. speed. • Drivers must not operate • Drivers must not operate warning devices, read warning devices, read map books or computer map books or computer monitors, etc. monitors, etc. Memphis, TN Local 1784 Memphis, TN Local 1784 • Use extreme caution • Use extreme caution when passing vehicles on when passing vehicles on their right side. their right side.

Safely Bringing The Wheels Back Onto Safely Bringing The Wheels Back Onto The Road Surface The Road Surface • When possible, come to a complete stop and • When possible, come to a complete stop and then creep back onto the road surface. then creep back onto the road surface. • If a complete stop is not possible/practical, slow • If a complete stop is not possible/practical, slow to 20 mph or less before bringing the wheels to 20 mph or less before bringing the wheels back up on the road surface. back up on the road surface.

Roadway Curve Collision Factors Roadway Curve Collision Factors • Excessive Speed • Excessive Speed • Failure to keep all • Failure to keep all wheels on the road wheels on the road surface surface

Posted Speeds for Curves Posted Speeds for Curves • Speed is calculated for a • Speed is calculated for a passenger vehicle on dry passenger vehicle on dry roads roads • Too fast for fire apparatus • Too fast for fire apparatus in the best of conditions in the best of conditions

Why Consider Alternative Response Why Consider Alternative Response Policies? Policies? • Apparatus are most likely to be involved in • Apparatus are most likely to be involved in a collision when running “Code 3” a collision when running “Code 3” • Realistically, every response is not a true • Realistically, every response is not a true emergency emergency • By reducing emergency rate responses, • By reducing emergency rate responses, we reduce the risk of collision we reduce the risk of collision

Low Priority Calls Low Priority Calls • Activated fire alarm, without an additional • Activated fire alarm, without an additional call reporting fire conditions call reporting fire conditions • Trash fire • Trash fire • Small brush fire inside the city limits • Small brush fire inside the city limits • Wires down/hanging • Wires down/hanging • Smoke/gas odor in the vicinity • Smoke/gas odor in the vicinity

Low Priority Calls Low Priority Calls • Carbon monoxide detector activation • Carbon monoxide detector activation without reported patient symptoms without reported patient symptoms • Basic life support EMS calls • Basic life support EMS calls • Company relocations • Company relocations • Water leaks • Water leaks • Investigating a controlled burn • Investigating a controlled burn

Alternative Response Policies Alternative Response Policies • Respond all units at a nonemergency rate • Respond all units at a nonemergency rate to low priority calls to low priority calls • Respond the closest unit Code 3 and all • Respond the closest unit Code 3 and all other units nonemergency until the first other units nonemergency until the first unit determines is a true emergency exists unit determines is a true emergency exists

Modified Code 3 Response Modified Code 3 Response • Needed in congested, urban locations • Needed in congested, urban locations • Reduces excessive out-of-service times • Reduces excessive out-of-service times • Use warning devices to move traffic • Use warning devices to move traffic • Do not operate the apparatus with the • Do not operate the apparatus with the same sense of urgency as you would same sense of urgency as you would responding to a working fire responding to a working fire

Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety After completing this section, the fire fighter After completing this section, the fire fighter will be able to: will be able to: 1. Explain the hazards associated with working on 1. Explain the hazards associated with working on roadway incident scenes. roadway incident scenes. 2. Describe the terms “surface streets” and 2. Describe the terms “surface streets” and “highways.” “highways.” 3. List the three primary concerns when determining 3. List the three primary concerns when determining where to park the apparatus on a roadway where to park the apparatus on a roadway emergency scene. emergency scene.

Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety 4. Describe the safety principles for positioning fire 4. Describe the safety principles for positioning fire apparatus on surface streets. apparatus on surface streets. 5. Describe the safety principles for positioning fire 5. Describe the safety principles for positioning fire apparatus on highways. apparatus on highways. 6. Describe the purpose of the MUTCD and how it 6. Describe the purpose of the MUTCD and how it applies to emergency responders. applies to emergency responders. 7. List the three main goals of emergency traffic 7. List the three main goals of emergency traffic control (ETC) as outlined in the MUTCD. control (ETC) as outlined in the MUTCD.

Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety 8. Explain the five main parts of Section 6i of the 8. Explain the five main parts of Section 6i of the MUTCD. MUTCD. 9. Explain the MUTCD requirements for performing 9. Explain the MUTCD requirements for performing size-up at a roadway incident scene. size-up at a roadway incident scene. 10. Describe the main parts of a traffic incident 10. Describe the main parts of a traffic incident management area as outlined in the MUTCD. management area as outlined in the MUTCD. 11. Explain the effective use of emergency vehicle 11. Explain the effective use of emergency vehicle lighting at roadway incident scenes. lighting at roadway incident scenes.

Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety Section 4: Roadway Scene Safety 12. List the requirements for proper protective 12. List the requirements for proper protective clothing to be worn at roadway incident scenes. clothing to be worn at roadway incident scenes. 13. List at least 6 agencies, other than the fire 13. List at least 6 agencies, other than the fire service, that may have official duties at a service, that may have official duties at a roadway incident scene. roadway incident scene. 14. Describe how the various agencies that respond 14. Describe how the various agencies that respond to roadway incidents can work together to roadway incidents can work together effectively. effectively.

Case Study 10 –Midwest City, OK Case Study 10 –Midwest City, OK (IAFF Local 2066) (IAFF Local 2066)