Distribution The definition of distribution Distribution of the - PDF document

Three Acts of the Mind Verbal Expression: Mental Act: • Simple Apprehension • Term • Judgment • Proposition • Deductive Inference • Syllogism Slide 8-1 Distribution The definition of distribution Distribution of the subject-term Distribution of the predicate-term Different ways to diagram I and O statements Slide 8-2 1

Definition of Distribution Distribution is the status of a term in regard to its extension. Slide 8-3 Distribution of the Subject-Term The subject-term is distributed in statements whose quantity is universal and undistributed in statements whose quantity is particular. Slide 8-4 2

Distribution of the Subject-Term A: All men d are mortal Some men u are mortal I: E: No men d are mortal O: Some men u are not mortal Slide 8-5 Diagram of the Distribution of Terms Type of Sentence Subject-Term A Distributed I Undistribute d E Distributed O Undistribute d Slide 8-6 3

Distribution of the Predicate-Term In affirmative propositions the predicate- term is always taken particularly (and therefore undistributed) and in negative propositions the predicate is always taken universally (and therefore distributed). Slide 8-7 Distribution of the Predicate-Term A: All men are mortal u I: Some men are mortal u E: No men are mortal d O: Some men are not mortal d Slide 8-8 4

Diagram of the Distribution of Terms Type of Sentence Predicate-Term A Undistributed I Undistributed E Distributed O Distributed Slide 8-9 Distribution of the Predicate in A Statements Animal Man Diagram 8-1 Slide 8-10 5

Distribution of the Predicate in I Statements Vicious Dogs Things Diagram 8-2 Slide 8-11 Distribution of the Predicate in E Statements Men Reptiles Diagram 8-3 Slide 8-12 6

Distribution in O Statements Vicious Dogs Things Diagram 8-4 Slide 8-13 Different Ways to Diagram I and O Statements There are two kinds of I statements that require differing diagrams Slide 8-14 7

Diagrams for Type 1 I Statements In diagrams of I statements in which there are some members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a solid line is used for the circle indicating the predicate class. Slide 8-15 Diagrams for Type 1 I Statements Vicious Dogs Things Diagram 8-5 Slide 8-16 8

Diagrams for Type 2 I Statements In diagrams of I statements in which there are no members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a broken line is used in the circle representing the predicate class. Slide 8-17 Diagrams for Type 2 I Statements Men Carpenters Diagram 8-6 Slide 8-18 9

Diagram of the Distribution of Terms Type of Sentence Subject-Term Predicate- Term A Distributed Undistributed I Undistributed Undistributed E Distributed Distributed O Undistributed Distributed Slide 8-19 Diagrams for Type 1 O Statements In diagrams of O statements in which there are some members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a solid line is used for the circle indicating the predicate class. Slide 8-20 10

Diagrams for Type 1 O Statements Vicious Dogs Things Diagram 8-7 Slide 8-21 Diagrams for Type 2 O Statements In diagrams of I statements in which there are no members of the predicate class that are not members of the subject class, a broken line is used in the circle representing the predicate class . Slide 8-22 11

Diagrams for Type 2 O Statements Men Carpenters Diagram 8-8 Slide 8-23 Distribution The definition of distribution Distribution of the subject-term Distribution of the predicate-term Different ways to diagram I and O statements Slide 8-2 12