Dialogue Notations and Design Ov erview Dialogue Notations - PDF document

Dialogue Notations and Design Ov erview Dialogue Notations Diagrammatic � state transition net w orks � JSD diagrams � Flo w c harts � T extual � formal grammars � pro duction rules � CSP � Dialogue Analysis Seman tics and dialogue � Prop erties of dialogue � Presen tation and lexical issues � Example Digital w atc h � Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (1) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

State transition net w orks circles { states arcs { actions/ev en ts select ‘circle’ click on centre click on circumference Circle 1 Circle 2 Finish highlight ‘circle’ rubber band draw circle Start Menu select ‘line’ click on first point double click Line 1 Line 2 Finish highlight ‘line’ rubber band draw last line click on point draw line and rubber band from new point Arc lab els a bit cramp ed b ecause: notation is `state hea vy' � the ev en ts require most detail � Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (2) � c A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale 1993 Chapter 8

Hierarc hical STNs managing complex dialogues named sub-dialogues select ‘circle’ click on centre click on circumference Circle 1 Circle 2 Finish highlight ‘circle’ rubber band draw circle Start Menu select ‘line’ click on first point double click Line 1 Line 2 Finish highlight ‘line’ rubber band draw last line click on point draw line and rubber band from new point Graphics Sub-menu select ‘graphics’ pop-up graphics sub-menu Text Sub-menu Main select ‘text’ Menu pop-up text sub-menu Paint Sub-menu select ‘paint’ pop-up paint sub-menu Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (3) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Flo w c harts familiar to programmers b o xes { pro cess/ev en t state not Delete D1 Please enter employee no.: ___ C1 read record Delete D2 Delete D3 Name: Alan Dix Name: Alan Dix Dept: Computing Dept: Computing delete? (Y/N): _ delete? (Y/N): _ Please enter Y or N C2 other answer? Y N Finish C3 delete record Finish Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (4) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

JSD diagrams for tree structured dialogues � less expressiv e { greater clarit y { Personnel Record System * login transaction logout o o o o add change display delete employee employee employee employee record record record record Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (5) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Concurren t dialogues (i) Text Style bold italic example underline three toggles { individual STNs No click over bold Bold Bold No click over italic Italic Italic No click over underline Underline Underline Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (6) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Concurren t dialogues (ii) Text Style bold italic example underline b old and itali c com bined click over bold Bold Neither Only click over italic click over italic Italic click over bold Bold Only Italic Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (7) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Concurren t dialogues (iii ) com binatorial explosion � toggles { n 2 states { n B Bold None Only U U Underline B Bold Only Underlined I I I I Italic B Bold Only Italic U U Bold Underlined B Underlined Italic Italic Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (8) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

T extual { Grammars Regular expressions sel-line click click* dble-click compare with JSD � same computational mo del { di�eren t notation { BNF expr ::= empty | atom expr | `(' expr `)' expr more p o w erful than regular exp. or STNs � Still NO concurren t dialogue Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (9) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Pro duction rules if then c ondition action Go o d for concurrency Ev en t based pro duction rules Sel-line first ! C-point first rest ! C-point rest rest ! D-point rest < draw line > ! Bad for sequence Bad at state! Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (10) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Prop ositional Pro duction System State based A ttributes: Mouse: f mouse-o�, select-line, clic k-p oin t, double-clic k g Line-state: f men u, �rst, rest g Rules (feedbac k not sho wn): select-line mouse-o� �rst ! clic k-p oin t �rst mouse-o� rest ! clic k-p oin t rest mouse-o� ! double-clic k rest mouse-o� men u ! Bad at ev en ts! Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (11) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

CSP and pro cess algebras used in Alexander's SPI, and Agen t notation go o d for sequen tial dialogues Bold-tog = select-b old? b old-on ! select-b old? b old-o� ! ! Bold-tog ! Italic-tog = : : : Under-tog = : : : concurren t dialogue and Dialogue-b o x = Bold-tog Italic-tog || || Under-tog but causalit y unclear Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (12) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Dialogue Notations | Summary Diagrammatic { STN { JSD { Flo w c harts T extual grammars { pro duction rules { CSP { Issues ev en t base vs. state based p o w er vs. clarit y mo del vs. notation sequen tial vs. concurren t Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (13) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Seman tics { Alexander's SPI (i) Tw o part sp eci�cation: Ev en tCSP { pure dialogue order Ev en tISL { target dep enden t seman tics Cen tralised dialogue description T olerable syn tactic/seman tic trade-o� Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (14) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Seman tics { Alexander's SPI (ii) Ev en tCSP Login = login-mess get-name P asswd ! ! P asswd = passwd-mess ( in v alid Login ! ! [] v alid Session) ! Ev en tISL login-mess ev en t: prompt: true out: "login:" ev en t: get-name uses: input set: user-id = input ev en t: v alid input, user-id, passwd-db uses: passwd-id = passwd-db(user-id) when: Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (15) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Seman tics { co de Ev en t lo op for w ord pro cessor Distributed dialogue description T errible syn tactic/seman tic trade-o� switch ( ev.type ) { case button_dow n: if ( in_text ( ev.pos ) ) { mode = selecting ; mark_select io n_s ta rt( ev. po s); } ... case button_up: if ( in_text ( ev.pos ) && mode == selecting ) { mode = normal; mark_sele cti on _en d( ev. pos ); } ... case mouse_move : if ( mode == selecting ) { extend_se lec ti on( ev .po s); } ... } /* end of switch */ Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (16) � c A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale 1993 Chapter 8

Action prop erties completeness missed arcs { unforeseen circumstances { determinism sev eral arcs for one action { delib erate: application decision { acciden t: pro duction rules, { nested escap es consistency { same action, same e�ect? mo des and visibilit y { Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (17) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8

Chec king prop erties (i) Completeness: double-clic k in circle states? Rev ersibili t y: to rev erse select `line' from graphics Men u clic k { double clic k { select `graphics' (3 actions) N.B. not undo Human{Com puter In teraction, Pren tice Hall Dialogue Notations and Design (18) A. Dix, J. Finla y , G. Ab o wd and R. Beale � c 1993 Chapter 8