Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook Decomposing Concepts with Frames Wiebke Petersen Heinrich-Heine-Universit¨ at D¨ usseldorf Research group on “Functional Concepts and Frames” www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/˜petersen/ Riga 2006 Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook outline Introduction 1 Concept Classes 2 Frames 3 Outlook 4 Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook my hypotheses Concepts are complex cognitive structures 1 Concepts can be decomposed in frames 2 Frames of sortal concepts decompose them into functional 3 concepts Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook How do frames look like? female SEX MATURITY adult judy MOTHER HABITAT charly jungle H A B I T A T MATURITY SEX juvenile male Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook Why am I here? International Symposium of Cognition, Logic and Communication Oswald K¨ ulpe Aspects of a Qualitative Science Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook What I found in K¨ ulpe’s work Experimental method of “Kundgabe” Concentration on higher mental processes Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook Oswald K¨ ulpe: Kundgabe “Die Versuchspersonen begannen in der Sprache des Lebens zu reden und den Vorstellungen nur eine untergeordnete Bedeutung f¨ ur ihre Innenwelt beizulegen. Sie wußten und dachten, urteilten und verstanden, ergriffen den Sinn und deuteten die Zusammenh¨ ange, ohne eine wirkliche Unterst¨ utzung durch gelgentlich auftauchende Versinnlichungen dabei zu erhalten.” (K¨ ulpe 1912) Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook Barsalou 1999: Perceptual Symbol Systems Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook Oswald K¨ ulpe: higher mental processes “Es ist dem Denken in der fr¨ uheren Psychologie meist nicht die gen¨ ugende Beachtung geschenkt worden. [. . . ] Von der naturwissenschaftlichen Erfahrung her waren sie [die experimentellen Psychologen] auf Sinnesreize und Empfindungen, auf Nachbilder, Kontrasterscheinungen und phantastische Ver¨ anderungen der Wirklichkeit eingerichtet. Was solchen Charakter nicht an sich trug, schien einfach nicht vorhanden zu sein.” (K¨ ulpe 1912) Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook higher mental processes Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook higher mental processes Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook higher mental processes Frame Feature List female X E S T Y U R I A T M adult judy R H E (juvenile, A H T B O I T M A T male, jungle inhabitant) charly jungle HABITAT MATURITY S E X juvenile male Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook concept names used in the Charly-frame female SEX MATURITY adult judy MOTHER HABITAT charly jungle H A B I T A T MATURITY SEX juvenile male Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook classifying concepts no unique reference unique reference ape, chimpanzee, Charly, Judy, sun, arity:1 jungle pope brother, argument, mother, age, sex, arity: > 1 entrance spouse Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook classifying concepts no unique reference unique reference ape, chimpanzee, Charly, Judy, sun, arity:1 jungle pope brother, argument, mother, age, sex, arity: > 1 relational entrance spouse Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook classifying concepts no unique reference unique reference ape, chimpanzee, Charly, Judy, sun, arity:1 jungle pope brother, argument, mother, age, sex, arity: > 1 relational entrance spouse identificational Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook 4 concept classes (L¨ obner) no unique reference unique reference SC : IC : arity:1 sortal concept individual concept RC : FC : arity: > 1 (proper) relational relational functional concept concept identificational Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook frames female Definition (Frame) X E S Frames are connected, directed MATURITY graphs with adult judy R H E A H T B one central / referential node O I T M A T nodes labeled with types charly jungle edges labeled with attributes HABITAT MATURITY no node with two equally SEX labeled outgoing edges juvenile male one root node Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook frames of functional concepts frame ‘person’ (with attribute ‘mother’) MOTHER person mother λ x : person ( x ) ∧ ( ∃ y : mother ( y ) ∧ MOTHER ( x ) = y ) frame ‘mother’ M O T H E R person mother λ y : mother ( y ) ∧ ( ∃ x : person ( x ) ∧ MOTHER ( x ) = y ) Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook two ways of representing frames Charly-frame represented as Charly-frame represented as graph AVM female X E S MATURITY adult HABITAT : 1 judy MOTHER HABITAT MOTHER : SEX : female MATURITY : adult judy HABITAT : 1 jungle charly jungle MATURITY : juvenile A B I T A T H SEX : male charly MATURITY SEX juvenile male Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook types are organized in type signatures ⊤ ape habitat : habitat sex habitat sex : sex gorilla male female jungle desert habitat : jungle charly sex : male � HABITAT : habitat � � HABITAT : jungle � � HABITAT : jungle � ⊑ ⊑ SEX : sex SEX : sex SEX : male ape gorilla gorilla Notice the strange duplication of the attributes! Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook excluding bad attributes � � HEIGHT : 6 feet HIT : mary john Wood’s Linguistic Test Y is a value of the attribute A of X if we can say that Y is a A of X (or the A of X ). Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook attributes in frames Barsalou, 1992 “I define an attribute as a concept that describes an aspect of at least some category member.” “Values are subordinate concepts of an attribute.” Guarino, 1992: Concepts, attributes and arbitrary relations “We define attributes as concepts having an associate relational interpretation, allowing them to act as conceptual components as well as concepts on their own.” Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook interpretation of functional concepts denotational interpretation A functional concept denotes a set of entities: δ : R → 2 U δ ( mother ) = { m | m is the mother of someone } relational interpretation A functional concept has also a relational interpretation: ̺ : R → 2 U×U ̺ ( mother ) = { ( p , m ) | m is the mother of p } consistency postulate (Guarino, 1992) Any value of an relationally interpreted functional concept is also an instance of the denotation of that concept. If ( p , m ) ∈ ̺ ( mother ) , then m ∈ δ ( mother ) . Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook example ‘mother’ denotational example family δ ( mother ) = { Ann, Liz } Ann ⊗ Tom ‘mother’ relational (‘mother of’) Sue � Ann Sue Bob ⊗ Liz Bob � Ann Tim � Liz Pam � Liz Tim Pam Max Max � Liz Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook attributes in frames Thesis: Attributes in frames are relationally interpreted functional concepts! attributes are not frames themselves attributes are unstructured each attribute has an associated frame the possible values of an attribute are subconcepts of the denotationally interpreted functional concept denotational frame functional concept (FC2) r e l a t i o n a l attribute Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
Outline Introduction Concept Classes Frames Outlook attributes in frames mother-frame denotational H E R M O T person mother ‘mother’ r e l a t i o n a l mother-attribute MOTHER : δ ( person ) → δ ( mother ) Concept Frames Wiebke Petersen
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