Contribution of Engineering profession in Development of Pakistan Since Independence 15 TH SYMPOSIUM “ THE FUTURE OF ENGINEERING IN PAKISTAN” BY PAKISTAN ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING
Index 1. Available Resources & circumstances. 2 Role of Engineers. 3 History of Engineers’ Position in Development of Pakistan. 4 Way forward for Achieving due Administrative Control on Development of Pakistan.
1.Available Resources & Circumstances a . Engineering Institutions at the time of independence NED College, UET, and School of Military Engineering (SME). NED Produced about 50 i. engineers every year probably same numbers in UET, SME set up in 1948 was upgraded to Military College of Engineering (MCE) in 1958. b. Need to build infrastructure due to mass migration of people such as housing, roads, water and sanitation. The need prompted : Establishment of consumer goods industries by investors, and raw material for i. construction such as cement, and steel due to high demand and shortages. establishment of defense industries. ii. expanding power generation facilities. iii. establishment of PWD, PIDC, IEP, which united community in planning and execution of iv. industries v. Last but not the least the participating of the engineers available in the region and the migrating engineers
2.Role of Engineers . Engineers role in: available projects in the early period such as gun carriage factory, • roads, infrastructure, & housing. planning & establishing new industrial corporations & projects such • as PIDC,WAPDA, KESC, & KDA. taking extra load due lack of disciplines in engineering colleges • forcing them to handle multi-discipline responsibilities. manning & educating new engineers in new engineering colleges. • establishing IEP in 1948 & later in 1967 ECP and in 2014 PAE. • planning and execution of 5 year plans. • the construction of Dams and power plant under Indus Basin Treaty • was the first test of Pakistani engineers which they passed with flying colors .
2. Role of Engineers (contd.) The Pakistan Army Corp. of Engineers operates major engineering organizations such as the Military Engineering Service (MES), the Frontier Works Organisation (FWO), Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering and the Survey of Pakistan. [1] The Corps is commanded by a three-star general — a Lieutenant-General. They have built Karakorum Highway and many highways & bridges all over Pakistan. The engineers contributed a lot in Power Generation in KESC, Wapda, and in Transmission & distribution projects. Nuclear Engineers and space research engineers performed superbly in nuclear engineering by development of uranium enrichment facilities, & in Suparco. In Ship Building & heavy structural engineering and in Karachi Shipyard & Engineering Works. Engro group of Companies has been nationalized by competent engineers and economist. Descon group of companies also a turn key project engineering & Construction company of International standard established by an enterprising Engineer of Pakistan,
3. History of Engineers’ Position in Development of Pakistan Several hundreds of engineers were locally available in region what is now Pakistan and others who 1. migrated from India contributed a lot and had the opportunity to develop their skills in new projects until 1960s. From 1970 on ward the nationalization of Industries, opening up of job opportunities in overseas’ market 2. has reduced engineers focus on national projects. The IEP and ECP were operational but did not stress the importance of engineers in bureaucracy. They 3. failed to have engineers role in development of Pakistan recognized in Parliament through legislation. In 70s and 80s due to the fact of item 3 above the business management and finance profession took 4. control of even the technical projects. The absence of engineers in decision making has caused great damage to the country e.g wrong 5. interference of Sopreme court in Reko Dik and rental power projects in which not only Pakistan has to pay penalty but also kept investors coming to Pakistan.
3. History of Engineers Position in Development of Pakistan (contd.) 7 . PIDC’s role has been reduced. It has so many important divisions such as: Technology Upgradation & Skill Development Company State Engineering Company which heads ENAR Petrotech, Heavy Mechanical Complex, Heavy Electrical Complex, Pakistan Engineering Corporation, Pakistan Machine Tool Factory, 8. Engineering Development Board was closed down and now re-started. Its function is so important. It must have representation of engineering bodies likr ECP,IEP, & PAE.
4 .Way Forward for Achieving due Administrative Control on Development of Pakistan ECP to invigorate itself & put into practice its power and work for legislations in the parliament to give more participation of engineers. Most of the state heavy Industries were either taken over or patronized by Defense Ministry which created shortage of basic Heavy industry and also the inefficient operations. These should be privatized or new private heavy industry has to be built for the development of Engineering and technology. Defense industrial engineering and technology is very strong such as Nuclear, missile and aeronautical engineering. There should be benefit of these for non defense production. Deletion in assembly of cars, and other equipment manufacture should be enforced.
4 .Way Forward for Achieving due Administrative Control on Development of Pakistan (contd.) HEC should also allow ECP, IEP, specially PAE in their decision making & promote R&D in engineering by Industry & Academia’s interaction. It is surprising that in Key decision making institutions such as ECNEC, PSDP, & in various Working Parties there is hardly in representation of engineering Institutions. Ministries of Science & technology has so many engineering institutions such as EDB, PCSIR, COMCSET, CWHR, NIE, PCRWR, PCRET, etc. but is not led by engineer. Similarly in Planning Commission there must be permanent representation of ECP in all engineering disciplines. Pakistan Council of Science & Technology (PCST)which was suppose to come under National Commission of Science & Technology is not functioning as the founder of the commission Dr. Jamil has foreseen. PCST is not performing its job. PM must be contacted who is to directly head this commission.
The courts should have representatives of the proposed EAC so that fiasco like of Reko Dik & Tawergi Steel & PSM could be averted. I suggest that an Engineering Advisory Council (EAC) should be formed, which by legislation should be an autonomous body with representation in all ministries and institutions dealing with engineering projects & in R&D & industry co-ordinations. The lack of or almost absence of engineers in ministries, CSC, and bureaucracy is a result of failure of ECP, IEP and lately of PAE.
Chairman Prime Minister Deputy Chairman Minister Planning Stretegic Advisory Planning & Committee policy 1.Sec. Planning, Devlopment & Reform Divison (PDRD) 2.Chief Economist Memebers 3. V.C Planning & Development Economics ( PDE) 4. Private Sector Development 5. Energy 6. Social Sector 7. Food Security & Climate Change 8. Development Communication 9. Infra-structure & Regional Connectivity 10. Science & Technology 11. Governance 12. Implementation & Monitoring
Planning Minister Heads following JCE (Operations) • Public Investment Authorization • Public Investment Programming • Foreign Aid JCE (Macro) • Macroeconomics • Economic Appraisal • Employment & Research • Money, Prices & Fiscal Policy • Manpower
Planning Minister Heads following (contd.) Performance Delivery Unit Projects monitoring wing Regional Initiatives Unit • Transport & Communication • Physical Planning & Housing • CPEC Social Capital Unit • Poverty Alleviation • Devolution & Area Development • Health • Education • Social Welfare • Nutrition Governance Reforms Unit • Governance Energy Wing Energy Wing • Fuel • Power • Energy Economics
Project Planning Format PC – I (Project Document) Infrastructure Social Production PC - II (For Preparation of Feasibility Study) PC – III (Quarterly Progress/Monitoring Report) PC-III-A for physical targets Activity Chart PC-III-B for Monthly Progress Reporting PC - IV (Project Completion Report) PC - V (Post Completion Annual Impact Evaluation Report for 5 years)
Approval Agencies & Limits Forum Chairperson Nature of Policies Policy & Plan NEC Prime Minister Long term Policy ECC Finance Minister Short/immediate nature policies Projects ECNEC Finance Minister Cost > Rs 3 billion CDWP Deputy Chaiman (PC) Cost ≤ Rs 3 billion DDWP Secretary of concerned Ministry Cost ≤ Rs 60 million (Excluding projects involving external financing of 25% or above) PDWP Chairman, P&D Board/ Addl Cost ≤ Rs 10 billion (Provincial Chief Secretary Funding) Excluding: • Water sector projects • Projects having 25% or more external financing
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