Challenges of water utilities in the cities – Distribution of water in Chandigarh B. Purushartha Commissioner Municipal Corporation Chandigarh commissionermc@gmail.com
BACKGROUND • Chandigarh was planned as a new capital of Punjab state. • In 1966 Punjab state was reorganized and Chandigarh was kept as a Union Territory. • The area of Chandigarh UT is 114 sq. km. • The Municipal Corporation came into existence in 1994. • The jurisdiction of MCC Chandigarh extends to ▫ The city of Chandigarh ▫ The erstwhile NAC of Manimajra ▫ 9 villages (13 villages still out of MC) • The Population of Chandigarh as per 2011 census is 10.54 Lacs
AVAILABILITY OF DRINKING WATER Sources of W a ter Period Sources of W a ter (A) Upto Year 1983 Underground Water (Tubewells) (B) After 1983 to 1. Underground Water (248 Tubewells) - 25MGD. till date. 2. Surface Water (Canal Water) - 51 MGD. From Bha khra Ma in Ca na l Flow ing a t a d ista nce of 27.4 Km from Cha nd iga rh (Ta p p ed Nea r Villa ge Ka ja uli, Punja b),* 24 Hours p um p ing is d one from Ka ja uli w a ter w orks for a hea d of 10 0 m . Total Availability - 76 MGD • Average Domestic supply to the residents of the city is 245 lpcd against National Norm of 135 lpcd
CANAL SHARING PATTERN The sharing pattern was decided by M.H.A. in 19 8 3 for each phase of 20 MGD. • Chandigarh (U.T.) 14.5 MGD • Mohali (Punjab) 2.5 MGD • Panchkula (Haryana) 1.5 MGD • Chandimandir Cantonment 1.5 MGD • 8 0 MGD raw water being drawn from four phases and share of UT is 58 MGD.
ZONING PLAN OF WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION
WATER WORKS’ LOCATION PLAN LEGENDS Water Works
LAYOUT OF WATER SUPPLY LINES IN CHANDIGARH RISING MAIN TRUNK MAIN DISTRIBUTION LINE
PIPE NETWORK FEATURE SIZE PRESSURE RISING MAIN WW Kajauli to WW-39 1200 MM 10 Kg/ cm2 WW-39 to Different WW 400-900 MM 4-6 Kg/ cm2 TRUNK MAIN 250-400MM 2-2.2Kg/ cm2 (SECTOR GRID) DISTRIBUTION LINES 100-200MM 1.3-1.7 Kg/ cm2 (WITHIN SECTOR) * Pressure at ferrule point / Consum er end is m aintained at 0 .7 kg/ cm 2 (Single storey),1.2 Kg/ cm 2 (Double Storey),1.7 Kg/ cm 2 (Triple Storey)
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION (SCADA) • Remote computerized surveillance system of 204 Tubewells / Boosters under M.C Chandigarh. • Automation of Filtration Plant at Sec-12 and Sec-39 including provision of SCADA, Magnetic Float switch sensors, Actuator S/ V, Turbidity sensor and Residual Chlorine sensor. • Electromagnet flow meters installed at ▫ Water works ▫ Tubewells • Centralized control room. • Easy Availability of reports.
* Ba sed on Actua l billing d a ta collected from Doea cc
INFERENCE FROM THE PERUSAL OF SPATIAL MAPS The Average Domestic per capita per day supply to the residents of the city is 245 lpcd against National Norm of 135 lpcd. Sectors 2 & 3 are drawing more than 1000 lpcd and Sectors 4,5,8 &9 are drawing between 400-1000 lpcd Sector-7,10,11,16,19,21,24,27,28,31-40, 42, 44, 46, 47, 51, 55 & 61 are drawing between 250-400 lpcd. The Average Domestic per capita consumption pattern during winter and summer season is more or less same.
ACHIEVED AS PER BENCHMARKS:WATERSUPPLY (MOUD) Proposed Indicator Achieved Bench m ark Coverage of Water Supply Connections 10 0 % 10 0 % Per capita availability of water at consum er end 135 lpcd 245 lpcd Extent of m etering of water connections 10 0 % 100% Extent of Non revenue water 15% 25-30% Continuity of Water Supply 24 x7 Intermittent Efficiency in redressal of custom er com plaints 8 0 % 98% 10 0 % Adequacy of Treatm ent and Disinfection and Quality of Water 10 0 % Supplied Cost of recovery in water supply services 10 0 % 54 % Efficiency in collection of water supply related charges 90 % 80% No of persons receiving less than 70 lpcd 0 % 0%
INITIATIVE TOWARDS 24X7 WATER SUPPLY Providing 24x7 Water Supply Schem e in Vikas Nagar Colony, Mauli Jagran, Chandigarh-Com pleted
LAYOUT PLAN EXISTING T/ WELLS PROPOSED T/ WELL VIKAS NAGAR OHSR
T/ WELL T/ WELL NO2 NO3 T/ WELL T/ WELL NO1 NO4 UGR 24X7 WATER SUPPLY SCHEME AT VIKAS NAGAR OHSR DISTRIBUTION
LESS AVAILABILITY OF CANAL WATER Average Daily Outflow from Kajauli is 72 -78 MGD as against 80 MGD Reduced Efficiency of Pumps over time period. Voltage Drop at 66 KV Sub Station Motor/ Pump Minor Breakdown Electricity breakdown at Kajauli Water Works Phase-III and Phase-IV lines are not optimally utilized due to weak joints of PSC Lines
DEPENDENCY ON GROUND WATER About 30 % water is supplied through Tube wells (31.45 MGD) – Some colonies/ villages are dependent only on this source – Depletion of Ground Water Table – Approx 10 % Tube wells get Abandoned Every Year – Alternate/ Reliable source required as demand will increase in future.
SHORT COMINGS IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM • No District Meter Areas formed and water distribution systems emerging from all reservoirs are interconnected and hence, coverage of each reservoir is not clearly defined. • Hence, consumers residing near reservoirs or in low-level zones, get more pressure, consume water in excess and end consumers or consumers residing at tail end pockets or in high-level zones do not get water as per needs.
SHORT COMINGS IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM • Intermittent water supply, normally 4-5 hours in morning and 3-4 hours in evening. • As water is supplied for limited hours, peak factor rises as most of the pipelines are empty and lot of water is consumed in filling empty pipelines and reservoirs get emptied within a short time before water reaches to end consumers. • Due to empty reservoirs, end consumers do not get desired pressure.
SHORTCOMINGS IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM • Aged Water supply pipes ▫ Phase-1 Pipes are more than 40 years old • CI Lines prone to leakages due to no of joints • Theft/ Tempering of Valves, Pressure gauges etc • Insufficient Pressure monitoring • Rise in Demand of water due to Conversion policy
SHORTCOMINGS IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM • Flow meter at all production and consumption points not Available. • Difficult to measure NRW • Illegal connections • Problems of dead meters, average metering. • Improper Consumer data management.
INADEQUACY IN MAPPING Data available in various raw formats i.e Hard Copy, Autocad, Rough Sketches etc Data not available at one platform No policy for data updating / validation Reliability of data remains a concern
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST NOT FULLY RECOVERED • Tariff is on the lower side and in linear progression resulting into inverted cross subsidy • Domestic 1-15KL 2 Rs/ - Per KL 16-30KL 4 Rs/ - Per KL 31-60KL 6 Rs/ - Per KL Above 60 KL 8 Rs/ - Per KL ▫ Commercial 15 Rs/ - Per KL • O & M cost not fully recovered • Recovery from Defaulters not satisfactory
DEFICIT IN REVENUE YEAR EXPENDITURE ON MTC REVENUE GAP (Crore) (Crore) OF WATER SUPPLY (Crore) 2009-2010 90.02 51.65 (-)38.37 2010-2011 92.92 52.15 (-)40.77 2011-2012 107.25 59.27 (-)47.98 2012-2013 114.57 64.96 (-)49.61 2013-2014 126.59 65.38 (-)61.21 2014-2015 125.84 65.45 (-)60.39
SMART CITY BENCHMARK REQUIREMENTS • 24 x 7 supply of water • 100% household with direct water supply connections • 135 litres of per capita supply of water • 100% metering of water connections • 100% efficiency in collection of water related charges • Digitized Maps • Tariff structures that are affordable for the poor and yet enough to recover cost including Capital Expenditure
WATER SUPPLY
AMENDMENTS APPROVED IN WATER BYELAWS - CATCHING LOW HANGING FRUITS
CHANGE IN POLICY FOR REPLACEMENT OF FAULTY WATER METERS • Earlier Faulty Water meters (Upto 15 MM) were replaced by M.C.C • Amendment ▫ Replacement of faulty water meters by Consumers themselves. ▫ If faulty Water Meters are not replaced within 1 month, penal rate will charged in next billing cycle.
INTRODUCTION OF AMR METERS • Replacement of conventional water meter with AMR meters. • Mandatory for all non domestic consumers and domestic consumer for residential houses with area two kanal and above. • by the consumer themselves at their own cost, failing which penal rate will be charged.
USE OF TERTIARY TREATED WATER • Use of Tertiary Treated water made compulsory in all houses/ institutions having area 1 kanal and above within three months otherwise penal rate will be charged
TAPPING OF REPLENISHABLE SHALLOW ACQUIFERS • All vehicle service stations are required to install shallow tube wells in their premises at their own cost. • Within 3 to 9 months time period. • Failing which penal rate monthly water tariff will be charged
REDUCTION OF NRW • All eateries/ dhabas/ booth/ shops located in the markets, shopping areas which are not earmarked for this purpose, will be provided provisional water and sewerage connection at commercial rate with due intimation to Estate Office U.T. Chandigarh. • However, providing water and sewerage connection shall not mean legalizing their change of use.
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