Our Cities: Drivers of National Competitiveness
Contents 1. Context 2. Why are Cities Important? 3. What makes Cities Competitive and Where do Irish Cities S tand? 4. How can we use our Cities to Promote National Competitiveness and Living S tandards? 2
Role of the National Competitiveness Council ► Benchmarking Ireland’ s Performance ► Ireland’ s Compet it iveness Challenge ► S t at ement on Educat ion & Training 3
Challenge - to ensure that we are sufficiently competitive to enable a transition back to Export Led Growth Contribution of Net Exports to Irish Economic Growth, 2001-2008 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% -4% Consumption Government Investment Net Exports -6% 4 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Source: CSO
There is no return to domestic led growth Our debt burden grew quickly and we are now highly indebted Household Borrowing per Capita, 2008 Household Borrowing per Capita, 2008 €60,000 2008 2004 €50,000 €40,000 €30,000 €20,000 €10,000 €0 Portugal Slovenia Italy Greece Belgium France Austria Euroarea Germany Finland Spain Netherlands Ireland Luxembourg 5 S ource: ECB
Why are the NCC commenting on the Role of Cities? ► Cit ies play an increasingly crucial role in enhancing compet it iveness in modern knowledge-based economies. As people become more mobile and firms more select ive about where t hey locat e, compet it ive cit ies have emerged as magnet s for t alent and invest ment . 6
A Challenging Landscape ► Cities play an increasingly crucial role in national competitiveness and living standards. Irish cities are small and peripheral in a European and global context. ► We have a sense of ambivalence about the central role our cities play in supporting national economic growth and standards of living. ► Analysing competitiveness through an urban lens should not be interpreted as an effort to promote inter-city or urban-rural competition. ► The core obj ective of the recommendations in this report is to enable Irish cities to achieve their full potential and thereby enhance national competitiveness. 7
Why Cities are Important 1. Cities are growing rapidly • For the first time, half the world’ s population live in cities • Cities of less than 500,000 are growing fastest • In Ireland, populations within city boundaries are falling while commuter belts have exploded 2. Drivers of National Growth – successful countries must have successful cities • 66 out of 78 OECD cities have a higher GDP per capita than the national average • Dublin ranks as the second smallest city in an OECD study of 78 Cities 8
P o p u la tio n s in M illio n s S ource: OECD 2006, CS 13.0 18.0 23.0 28.0 33.0 -2.0 3.0 8.0 T o k y o S e o u l N e w Y o rk Relative Size of Irish Cities M e x ic o C ity L o s A n g e le s 9 Is ta n b u l P a ris C h ic a g o B u s a n L o n d o n O 2006 M ila n M u n ic h B e rlin P h ila d e lp h ia D a lla s F ra n k fu rt M a d rid Ranking of OECD Cities by Population H o u s to n W a s h in g to n B a rc e lo n a A tla n ta T o ro n to B o s to n S a n F ra n c is c o S y d n e y A n k a ra A th e n s B ru s s e ls P h o e n ix R o m e M e lb o u rn e M o n tre a l S e a ttle N a p le s W a rs a w S a n D ie g o S t. L o u is B u d a p e s t L is b o n B irm in g h a m L ille Z u ric h M a n c h e s te r C o p e n h a g e n D e n v e r P ra g u e V a le n c ia V ie n n a S to c k h o lm Limerick, Galway T u rin Cork, L e e d s K ra k o w V a n c o v e r Dublin H e ls in k i O s lo D u b lin A u c k la n d C o rk L im e ric k G a lw a y
Why Cities are Important 3. Cities also drive their Regions • Create employment, provide national / international connectivity and access to services 4. Diversity of cities creates opportunities and challenges • Urban paradox - a clustering of wealth and economic activity alongside relatively high levels of social exclusion - ‘ cities concentrate both j obs and the j obless ’ . • S ocial exclusion and crime 5. Governance is complex • Few cities have developed neatly within the borders of a single governing local authority. In general, cities are spread across a number of different administrative areas. 6. Emergence of Global and International Cities 10
What makes Cities Competitive and Where do Irish Cities Stand? 11 11
Enterprising Cities Agency Employment in Selected Sectors of the Economy at County ► Manage balance Level, 2007 Food, Drink & Tobacco Chemicals & Chemical Products between sectoral Computer, Electronic, Optical Products & Electrical Equip Medical & Dental Instruments and Supplies Information & Communication Financial & Business Services specialisation and Other sectors 100% diversity 90% ► Build innovation networks 80% 70% ► Develop high skilled 60% citizens 50% ► Attract highly skilled 40% 30% migrants 20% ► Have competitive costs 10% (business and living) 0% Dublin City & County Cork City & County Galway City & County Limerick City & County 12 S ource: Forfás, 2008
Enterprising Cities ► Manage balance between Cost of Office Rental per Meter Squared, 2008 sectoral specialisation and €250 diversity ► Build innovation networks €200 ► Develop high skilled citizens p e r m sq u a r e d €150 ► Attract highly skilled migrants €100 ► Have competitive costs (business and living) €50 €0 D u b l i n M a n c h e st e r L o n d o n B o st o n M a a st r i c h t C o p e n h a g e n B e l f a st Si n g a p o r e B u d a p e st B a n g a l o r e G a l w a y C o r k L i m e r i c k D e r r y 13
Connected Cities ► Develop adequate Annual Air Passenger Traffic in Major Cities, 2008 international access 140 (sea and air) for 120 movement of goods and people 100 Pa sse n ge r s i n M i l l i o n s ► Develop adequate 80 national connectivity ► Develop efficient urban 60 transport and minimum 40 congestion ► Develop high quality 20 telecommunications 0 Br u sse l s L o n d o n * Pa r i s* N e w Yo r k * M a d r i d * M i l a n * Ro m e * Ba r c e l o n a Ist a n b u l St o l k h o l m * Be r l i n * Sa n Fr a n c i sc o Bi r m i n gh a m W a sh i n gt o n DC* Sh a n n o n ( L i m e r i c k ) infrastructure A m st e r d a m Fr a n k f u r t Du b l i n Co p e n h a ge n M a n c h e st e r Co r k Be l f a st De r r y 14 S ource: Airports Council International, 2006
Connected Cities ► Develop adequate Average Peak Hour Speeds in Major Cities (Km per Hour), 2002 international access (sea Germany-Cologne 40 Finland-Helsinki 36 and air) for movement of Romania-Bucharest(2000) 32.6 goods and people Denmark-Copenhagen 28 Northern Ireland-Belfast 27 ► Develop adequate Netherlands-Rotterdam 26 Belgium-Brussels(2001) 24 national connectivity Spain-Madrid 22.8 ► Develop efficient urban Hungary-Budapest 22.3 Austria-Vienna 22 transport and minimum Poland-Warsaw 20 congestion Scotland-Glasgow 19 UK-Oxford 18 ► Develop high quality Ireland- County Dublin 16.5 UK-London 15 telecommunications UK-Bristol(2000) 14.5 infrastructure 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 (KM/PH) 15 S ource: Urban Benchmarking Initiative,2002
Connected Cities ► Develop adequate international Readiness to Support Next Generation Broadband Services, 2008 access (sea and air) for 100 movement of goods and people 90 ► Develop adequate national Tomorrow's Applications 80 BQS Threshold: 75 connectivity 70 ► Develop efficient urban 60 transport and minimum 50 congestion 40 Today's Applications BQS Threshold: 32 ► Develop high quality 30 telecommunications 20 infrastructure 10 -speeds in Amsterdam, Paris 0 et al of 100Mbs Sweden Switzerland Hungry Luxembourg Italy New Zealand Japan Netherlands South Korea Denmark Germany France Finalnd US UK Spain Ireland Poland - 24Mbs top speed offering in Dublin and limited parts of our other cities 16 S ource: Said Business S chool, University of Oxford
Sustainable Cities Percentage of Workers in Each Electoral Division Travelling ► Implement effective land 30Kms or More to Work 2006 use policy to coordinate efficient infrastructure, enterprise, civic and community development ► S upport high density developments ► Transport S ustainability ► Environmental S ustainability 17 S ource: NIRS A / Ordnance S urvey Ireland
Attractive and Inclusive Cities Percentage of Foreign Nationals Resident ► Tackle social exclusion 45% ► Promote diversity and 40% creativity in their citizens, 35% enterprises and institutions 30% ► Have higher quality of life 25% performance ► Have a strong and positive 20% urban brand, recognised 15% internationally 10% 5% 0% Br u sse l s LUZ Du b l i n LUZ H e l si n k i LUZ Be r l i n LUZ Bar c e l o n a LUZ Am st e r d am LUZ Mi l an LUZ Bu d ap e st LUZ Gal w ay LUZ Mad r i d LUZ Co r k LUZ Li m e r i c k LUZ Ro m a LUZ 18 S ource: Eurostat -Urban Audit / CS O
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