Contributions from CHUVA field campaign to GOES-R and MTG Rachel Albrecht 1 Collaborators: Carlos Morales 2 , Steve Goodman 3 , Richard Blakeslee 4 , Jeffrey Bailey 5 , Lary Carey 5 , Douglas Mach 5 , John Hall 5 , Monte Bateman 6 , Bill McCaul 6 , Scott Rudlosky 7 , Hartmut Holler 8 , Hans Betz 9 , Enrique Mattos 1 , Amitabh Nag 10 , Ryan Said 10 , Jean-Yves Lojou 10 , Stan Heckman 11 , Osmar Pinto Jr 1 , Kleber Naccarato 1 , Antonio Saraiva 1 , Marcelo Saba 1 , Robert Holzworth 12 , Graeme Anderson 13 , Melanie 6 Collins 13 , Evandro Anselmo 2 , Joao Neves 2 1 INPE, 2 USP, 3 NOAA NESDIS/NASA GSFC, 4 NASA MSFC, 5 UAH, 6 USRA, 7 NOAA NESDIS, 8 DLR, 9 Nowcast, 10 Vaisala Inc., 11 EarthNetworks, 12 UW, 13 MetOffice,
Understanding the different lightning detection technologies: A contribution from CHUVA-GLM field campaign. C loud processes of t H e main precipitation Rachel Albrecht 1 systems in Brazil: A contrib U tion to cloud Carlos Morales 2 resol V ing modeling and to the GPM (Glob A l Collaborators: Steve Goodman 3 , Richard Blakeslee 4 , Jeffrey Bailey 5 , Lary Carey 5 , 6 6 Douglas Mach 5 , John Hall 5 , Monte Bateman 6 , Scott Rudlosky 7 , Hartmut Holler 8 , Precipitation Measurement) Hans Betz 9 , Enrique Mattos 1 , Amitabh Nag 10 , Ryan Said 10 , Jean-Yves Lojou 10 , Stan Heckman 11 , Osmar Pinto Jr 1 , Kleber Naccarato 1 , Antonio Saraiva 1 , Marcelo Saba 1 , Robert Holzworth 12 , Graeme Anderson 13 , Melanie Collins 13 , Evandro Anselmo 2 , Joao Neves 2 1 INPE, 2 USP, 3 NOAA NESDIS/NASA GSFC, 4 NASA MSFC, 5 UAH, 6 USRA, 7 NOAA NESDIS, 8 DLR, 9 Nowcast, 10 Vaisala Inc., 11 EarthNetworks, 12 UW, 13 MetOffice,
CHUVA Project: Main Goals • Improve Rainfall Estimation Using Satellites and/or Radar • Improve the Skill of Cloud Resolving Models • Compile a Climatology of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil and their physical and microphysical characteristics • Develop Tools for Nowcasting. WORKING GROUP – 1 : CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRECIPITATING SYSTEMS AS FUNCTION OF THE REGION AND LIFE STAGE (Luiz Machado) WORKING GROUP – 2 : PRECIPITATION ESTIMATION – DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION ALGORITHM (Daniel Vila) WORKING GROUP – 3: ELETRIFICATION PROCESS: MOVING FROM CLOUDS TO THUNDERSTORMS (Carlos Morales) WORKING GROUP – 4: CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BOUNDARY LAYER FOR DIFFERENT CLOUD PROCESSES AND PRECIPITATION REGIMES (Gilberto Fisch) WORKING GROUP – 5: MODEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALIDATION, WITH FOCUS IN CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND AEROSOL INTERACTIONS, FOR SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ESTIMATES IN BRAZIL (Maria Assunção Dias)
CHUVA Field Campaign Schedule
2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 YEAR JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP S. Paulo V.Paraíba (SE) (SE) Manaus S. Paulo V.Paraíba (NO) (SE) (SE) CHUVA Field Campaign Schedule Manaus S. Paulo V.Paraíba Fortaleza Alcântara (NO) (SE) (SE) (NE) (NE) Manaus S. Paulo Fortaleza (NO) (SE) (NE) Manaus S. Paulo (NO) (SE) Manaus S. Paulo Belém (NO) (SE) (N) Manaus S. Paulo Belém (NO) (SE) (N) Manaus S. Paulo (NO) (SE) Manaus S. Paulo (NO) (SE) OCT NOV DEC Manaus Cp.Grande (NO) (CE) Manaus Sta.Maria V.Paraíba Cp.Grande (NO) (SO) (SE) (CE) Manaus Sta.Maria V.Paraíba (NO) (SO) (SE)
Instruments Radar móvel banda X de 2 radares 10 Disdrômetros dupla polarização MicroRain (Joss-Waldgel, Thies, Parsival) … e mais: 3 sítios de 15 pluviômetros 1 Lidar 2 Radiômetros radiossondagem Estações meteorológicas Fluxos turbulentos Umidade de solo Umidade por GPS Radiação solar Qualidade do ar Contador de CCN
CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba • Goals of CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba : • Besides CHUVA (precipitation measurement) goals… • Contribute to GOES-R GLM and MTG LI Risk Reduction, Algorithm, and Calibration/Validation activities by: • collecting total lightning data under MSG coverage • generate GLM/LI proxy data • Understand the differences between ground based LLS in respect to TRMM LIS.
CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba
CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba • Instrumentação / dados: Redes de detecção de raios instaladas: Redes operacionais: 6 câmeras de vídeo de Observações de alta velocidade Satélite: 8 Field-Mills
CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba • Available data: • Lightning Mapping Array (NASA/UAH/NOAA) [2011-10-24 to 2012-03-31] • LINET (EUMETSAT/DLR) [2011-12-10 to 2012-03-31] • TLS200 (Vaisala) [2012-01-01 to 2012-03-31] • ENTLN (EarthNetworks) [2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31] • RINDAT (INPE) [2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31] • STARNET (USP) [2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31] • WWLLN (Univ. Washington) [2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31] • GLD360 (Vaisala) [2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31] • ATDnet (MetOffice) [2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31] • TRMM-LIS [2011-11-01 to 2012-03-31]
CHUVA-GLM Vale do Paraíba
CHUVA-GLM Vale: Lightning activity summary # of sources
CHUVA-GLM Vale: Lightning activity summary
CHUVA-GLM Vale: Lightning activity summary
CHUVA-GLM Vale: TRMM LIS overpasses • 16 LIS overpasses with lighting flashes during CHUVA: Orbit # Date Time (UTC) Time (LST) 80095 12/7/2011 20:13 17:07 80202 12/14/2011 17:00 13:54 80207 12/14/2011 23:33 20:27 80482 1/1/2012 15:02 11:56 80767 1/19/2012 23:02 19:56 80843 1/24/2012 20:02 16:56 81062* 2/7/2012 20:08 17:02 81077 2/8/2012 19:12 16:06 81108* 2/10/2012 19:00 15:54 81123 2/11/2012 18:04 14:58 81169 2/14/2012 16:55 13:49 81230~ 2/18/2012 14:50 11:44 81362 2/27/2012 3:12 0:06 81576 3/11/2012 20:46 17:40 81591* 3/12/2012 19:50 16:44 81825* 3/27/2012 19:01 15:55 * - Good cases ~ - False LIS flash
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-12-14 case • LLS measurements during a TRMM LIS orbit: Orbit #80202 2011-12-14 17:02:48 UTC • Squall line with a few convective cores and a trailing edge • LLS intercomparison on a single convective core TRMM VIRS
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-12-14 case
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-12-14 case LIS LINET RINDAT LIS STARNET LMA WWLLN ATDnet GLD360 ENTLN TRMM VIRS
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case – Upper left: Radar + LIS + LMA – Upper right: Radar + LIS + LINET – Lower left: Radar + LIS + TLS200 VHF – Lower right: Radar + LIS + EarthNetworks
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-03-27 case Play Monte Bateman’s video
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case • Build LMA Flashes (E. W. McCaul’s algorithm) and match these flashes to other networks. (256 flashes)
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case D t = 0.1 ms D l = 0.5 km 314 LINET stokes matches LMA sources
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case D t = 0.1 ms D l = 1.0 km 437 LINET stokes matches LMA sources (+123)
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case D t = 0.1 ms D l = 0.5 km 357 LINET stokes matches LMA sources (+43)
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case D t = 10 ms D l = 0.5 km 605 LINET stokes matches LMA sources (+291) Gone too far: - Bimodal t diff - non-unique matches
TRMM LIS overpasses: 2011-02-10 case • Find the D l for each LMA flash when # of matches does not change with increasing D t:
PROBLEMS FOUND : LMA noise – LMA was operating in channel 8 – Noise source from a local TV/radio stations at channel 9 (and others?) – Example from a clear sky day (02 Jan 2012)
PROBLEMS FOUND : LMA noise – Attempt to filter noise: – Group sources into flashes (McCaul ’s flash algorithm) and use only flashes with more than 10 sources – If flash mean+1s lat/lon falls within 300 m of the TV tower, do not use it. – It works for non- thunderstorm days, but apparently it also filters real sources – Next steps (before starting network intercomparisons): a) Recover real sources from 1-min accumulations of “noise” and real sources; b) Play with LMA-flash algorithm variables upper left: all sources upper right: flashes w/ 10+ souces lower left: “noise” sources lower right: filtered sources
PROBLEMS FOUND : LMA noise • LIS events sometimes has an offset (parallax or ephemeris?)
PROBLEMS FOUND : LIS false flash • Clear sky (no radar echo) • No records on any of the LLS
PROBLEMS FOUND : Weird flashes…. (?) “Snail” lightning
Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS São Paulo # of strokes - 250m x 250m (1999 to 2011) Courtesy of Marcelo Saba
Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS 5 Km 2 Km Slow-E and fast-E field for a positive CG flash ~90 o Phanton 10,000 fps 4,000 fps Courtesy of Marcelo Saba
Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS • 14 upward lightning flashes in 5 days, and much more: – March 10 th , 2012 – 2 upwards – March 15 th , 2012 – 3 upwards – March 23 rd , 2012 – 1 upward – March 27 th , 2012 – 4 upwards • 12 of them recorded with 4000 fps • 3 of them recorded simultaneously with 10,000 and 4000 fps from different angles (90 o ) • 1 of them had simultaneous leaders from the two towers (30 ips only) Courtesy of Marcelo Saba
Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS Upward 1 Almost all upwards were preceded by +CGs Courtesy of Marcelo Saba
Ground truth: HIGH SPEED VIDEO CAMERAS Upward 1 - LMA Negative leaders approaching the tower T1, followed by a +CG return stroke that occurred at 36 km from T1
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