Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Business Opportunities in C&D Waste Handling Sudhir Misra Professor Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016 INDIA 1
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Acknowledgements • NB Mazumdar, Chief Technical Officer, IEISL, New Delhi • Arun Sharma, Plant Manager, C&D Recycling Plant, New Delhi • Rajiv Garg, Superintending Engineer, IWD, IIT Kanpur • Akash Rao , Former Graduate Student, IIT Kanpur • Jeenu Thomas , Graduate Student, IIT Kanpur • Chetan Chauhan , Graduate Student, IIT Kanpur 3R Conference, Male, Maldives 2 2
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Key Points 1. Introduction to Construction and Demolition Waste in India 2. Bottlenecks in Construction and Demolition Waste Handling 3. Business Opportunities in bottlenecks • Onsite Waste Handling • Recycling Facility • Recycled Material Utilization 4. Future course of Action (to be finalized towards to end!!) 3R Conference, Male, Maldives 3
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Size of Construction Industry Source: [1] Ashokan Pappu et al, [2] TIFAC Report INDIA’S GDP MILLIONS OF DOLLARS SAVED IF 3R TECHNIQUES ARE APPLIED ! 11% $100 BILLION INDUSTRY 40-60% INVESTMENT IS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MATERIALS SECOND LARGEST SHARE ! 4 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Conflicting Numbers for C&D Waste • Data in India is scarce and often it is more ‘estimates’ • Estimates by various studies in India over the years are show in Table 1 • An estimate based on the waste produced per unit built-up area has been done by the CSE(Centre for Science and Environment) based on the thumb rules by a 2001 TIFAC Report • It puts the C&D Waste generated figures to 626MT in 2013 alone !! TABLE 1: COURTESY, Avikal Somvanshi 3R Conference, Male, Maldives 5 5
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Where does the C&D Waste Go ? 3R Conference, Male, Maldives DUMPED IN OPEN-SPACES LYING ON-SITE DUMPED NEAR RIVER-BEDS SENT TO LANDFILLS 6 Image Credits : CSE(Centre for Science and Environment) Govt. India, Report,2013
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Bottlenecks as Business opportunities in C&D Recycling Process 3. Technical 1. Reduction and 2. Focus on Technology, Specifications, (Focus Management of Policy Framework, on RMC, Aggregates Waste on Site Government Subsidy and and Finished Products Operational Efficiency 7 7 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Analysis of Business opportunities Framework for Analysis of all the Bottleneck as Business Opportunities – Problem Statement – Relevant Facts and Figures (Magnitude of the Problem) – Technical/Administrative/Infra. Solutions/Practice Solutions !! – Problems in Implementation – Way Moving Forward !! Examples using Case Studies based on academic projects 1. Onsite Waste Sorting: Girls Hostel Demolition at IIT Kanpur 2. C&D recycling facility in Burari, Delhi 3. Utilization of recycled products from the plant 8 8 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Onsite: C&D Waste Reduction • On-Site C&D Waste Management involves two concepts: Reduction and Re-Use of Waste! • Aspects of Onsite Waste Management involves the following aspects like Pre-Demolition Planning , Demolition Techniques , Building Type, Onsite Waste Segregation • Reduction implies removal of architectural fixtures and other removal items like Doors, Panes, Plumbing Items, Tiles etc. from the main waste stream. • Re-Use implies reusing of this stream of items along with any whole bricks, tile items produced which can be used for alternate non-structural purposes 9 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Case Study: Girls’ Hostel Demolition • A 120 room Girls Hostel was demolished to create a new hostel in its place. In the Undergraduate Project on its Demolition by two students, the following aspects were covered – The Demolition Process – Contractual Provisions for Demolition – Kind of waste produce, recycled and re-used – Brief Estimate of the kind and quantity of the material recovered Focus will remain on the first three points !! 10 10 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Demolition Process and Planning !! • Top to down approach was planned • Starting from roof to successive floors. Non-Load bearing structures were broken first by hammering and subsequently the beams and columns . • All demolition was carried out by human labor to increase the material recovery. Tradeoff however was the Cost and Time !! • The material recovered was sold and the rest of it was sent for reuse in different sites as filler/base material (Brick Bats) • Proper tools were used so that material (esp. Bricks weren’t) Provision in the contrac the contractor to use the material recovered from the site and sell it for profit • Contractor had to bid a certain amount for the recovered material • Demolition was part of a larger re-construction contract 11 11 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Image: Girls Hostel, Credits : Chetan Chauhan, IIT Kanpur 3R Conference, Male, Maldives In this image one can see how the demolition process is carried using the ‘Top to Bottom’ technique and care is taken to remove the individual bricks as whole !! 12 12
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Image: Girls Hostel, Credits : Chetan Chauhan ,IIT Kanpur 3R Conference, Male, Maldives In this image one can see how individual beams are being bought down to remove the reinforcements which are later sold as scrap 13 13
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Contract: Opportunities and Advantages!! Findings/Opportunities • Since the building was bid a certain amount by the contractor, the contractor ensured that most of that amount was recovered by maxim sing waste reduction and recycling • The timing and the effort put in were offset because they were running of a tight schedule for the re-construction on the same site which was to follow !! • Pre-Demolition planning and implementation was done to maximize the waste recovery. Whereas large number of labor was engaged to speed up the process • Any loss between the demolition bid amount and the recovery amount was offset by the amount received for the new construction • Win-Win situation for Owner, Contractor and the cause of recycling !! 3R Conference, Male, Maldives 14 14
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Onsite: Recycled/Recovered/Re-Used Products WINDOWS BRICK-BATS BRICKS STEEL FIXTURES PLUMBING FIXTURE Image: Girls Hostel, Credits :Chetan Chauhan, IIT Kanpur 15 15 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Onsite: Recycled/Recovered/Re-Used Products Possible Uses TABLE 2, SOURCE: UGP REPORT, CHETAN CHAUHAN NOTE : • Not all items have a proper re-sale value which is because • There are no dedicated markets for these items, they are all sold on need basis which • Prompts the Contractor to dump them in the waste stream 16 16 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Case Study 2: C&D Recycling Plant, Burari, Delhi 17 17 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur What is a C&D Recycling Plant ? C&D WASTE RECYCLED REDUCED RECOVERED SORTED WASTE FINISHED PRODUCTS AGGREGATES 18 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Some Details about the Plant • Established with an initial capacity of 500TPD , today it processes close to 2000TPD of waste • Waste is collected from designated sites in the city • Alternate Waste Stream comes form government bodies like MCD, PWD, DMRC • Incoming material is weighed and kept for sorting • Material is then subject to a series of processes Manual Sorting , JCB Sorting , Screening , Crushing and Processing Special Note • Incoming material is mostly clean concrete pieces, mixed C&D Waste and other waste likes Bricks, tiles, Wood, Plastic and Rubble • Waste is generally free from Paints, Varnishes, Chemicals, Asbestos and Asphalt 19 19 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Process Line Flow INCOMING MATERIAL 1. Purchase of C&D INSPECTION Waste through MCD, 2. Material inspected, NDMC and PWD manually sorted before processing SEGREGATION 3. Technical specifications of the technology used to process waste CONCRETE RECOVERED BLOCKS WASTE MIXED C&D WASTE RECYCLED AGGREGATES 4. Market for FINISHED PRODUCTS these materials BRICKS/TILES/WOODEN PEICES 20 20 3R Conference, Male, Maldives
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