Bring It! Your A-GaME MWGC 2019 Columbus, OH Benjamin S. Rivers, - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Bring It! Your A-GaME MWGC 2019 Columbus, OH Benjamin S. Rivers, P.E. FHWA Resource Center

Center for Accelerating Innovation Advanced Geotechnical Methods in Exploration (A-GaME) Tools for Enhanced, Effective Site Characterization 2

Center for Accelerating Innovation What are the Advanced Geotechnical Methods in Exploration? The A-G a ME is a toolbox of underutilized subsurface exploration tools that will assist with: Assessing risk and variability in site • characterization Optimizing subsurface exploration programs • Maximizing return on investment in project • delivery 3

Center for Accelerating Innovation Why do we need to bring our A-G a ME? Because, in up to 50% of major • infrastructure projects, schedule or costs will be significantly impacted by geotechnical issues! The majority of these issues will be directly or • indirectly related to the scope and quality of subsurface investigation and site characterization work. Source: NCHRP Synthesis 484 - Influence of Geotechnical Investigation and Subsurface Conditions on Claims, Change Orders, and Overruns 4

Center for Accelerating Innovation Findings from Synthesis 484 5

Center for Accelerating Innovation Mission Mitigate risks to project schedule and budget, and improve reliability by optimizing geotechnical site characterization using proven, effective exploration methods and practices. 6

Center for Accelerating Innovation Risk Source: FHWA Source: Ohio DOT Source: Harry Moore (Retired TN DOT) 7

Center for Accelerating Innovation Risk Source: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet Source: Florida DOT 8

Center for Accelerating Innovation Common Sources of Delays and Cost Escalations: Pile overruns • Higher than expected groundwater • Other problems with seepage, including those requiring • dewatering, which were identified as notably more costly than other types of changes Misclassified or mischaracterized subgrade, resulting in often • significant quantity revisions related to pavements, earthwork, and removal and replacement requirements for foundations Unanticipated rock during foundation construction • Mischaracterized rock for drilled shaft construction • 9 Source: NCHRP Synthesis 484 - Influence of Geotechnical Investigation and Subsurface Conditions on Claims, Change Orders, and Overruns

Center for Accelerating Innovation Strategic Implementation Outreach, Collaboration and Coordination with Industry • Outreach to State and Local Decision-Makers • Field Demonstration & Support • Cultivate and Establish Multi-Discipline Champions & Groups • Develop and Disseminate Guidance & Deliver Training • National, Regional and Local Knowledge Sharing • Programming and Planning Implementation • Program-Level Training, Process Reviews, Procurement, • Procedure Development Technical Assistance • Sustainment – Establish User Groups • 10

Center for Accelerating Innovation EDC-5 Funding Opportunities:  State Transportation Innovation Council (STIC) Incentive  Up to $100,000 per STIC per year to standardize an innovation  https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/stic/  Increased Federal-share for Project-level Innovation  Up to 5% increase in federal share when new innovation is added to a project  Accelerated Innovation Deployment (AID) Demonstration  Up to $1 million available per year to deploy an innovation not routinely used  https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/innovation/grants/ 11

Center for Accelerating Innovation Benefits of Bringing Your A-G a ME Reduced Risk. Reducing uncertainties in subsurface conditions mitigates design and construction risks. Improved Quality. Improving confidence in the geotechnical characterization reduces unnecessary conservatism in design and establishes a more reliable basis for design and construction of foundations and other geotechnical features impacting the highway system. Accelerated Project Delivery. Since a significant number of construction delays can be attributed to inadequate knowledge of subsurface site conditions, well-scoped investigation programs improve decision-making and constructability, providing time and cost savings for transportation agencies. 12

Center for Accelerating Innovation Benefit of Upfront Investment in Site Investigation Source: NCHRP Synthesis 484 - Influence of Geotechnical Investigation and Subsurface Conditions on Claims, Change Orders, and Overruns (After Figure 1) 13

Center for Accelerating Innovation MODOT Approach for Relating Design Reliability to Variability. Example Shown: Tip resistance – shafts in clay 1.0 Bridges on Minor Roads 0.9 Bridges on Major Roads Major Bridges (<$100 million) Resistance Factor for End Bearing, ϕ qp 0.8 Major Bridges (>$100 million) 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 COV of Mean Undrained Shear Strength, COV su 14 Source: Missouri DOT

Center for Accelerating Innovation Mainstream Effective Underutilized Methods TDEM - Time-Domain Electromagnetic CPT - Cone Penetration Test FDEM - Frequency-Domain SCPT - Seismic Cone Penetration Test Electromagnetic ER - Electrical Resistivity VLFEM - Very Low Frequency IP - Induced Polarization Electromagnetic SP - Self Potential OTV - Optical Televiewers MWD - Measurement While Drilling ACT - Acoustic Televiewers Seismic: Refraction GPR - Ground Penetrating Radar Seismic: Reflection MicroGravity Seismic: FWI - Full Waveform Inversion PMT - Pressuremeter Test Seismic: SASW - Spectral Analysis of DMT - Flat Plate Dilatometer Test Surface Waves Rock Discontinuities from Seismic: Tomography Photogrammetry Seismic: Downhole Pore-water pressure from Field Seismic: Crosshole Piezometers Suspension Logging 15

Center for Accelerating Innovation Mainstream Effective Underutilized Methods Cone Penetration Testing (CPTu/SCPTu) More reliable • parameters than from conventional SPT Small strata changes • easily discernable moisture/ Pore-water pressure • conductivity measurements seismic Shear-wave • magnetometer measurements with video SCPTu 3-10 times faster than • conventional drilling sleeve pore pressure Source: FHWA tip 16

Center for Accelerating Innovation Mainstream Effective Underutilized Methods Electrical Methods (ER, IP, SP) • Discern contrasting materials and groundwater conditions over large areas • Clay, Silts, Sands/Gravel, Voids, Groundwater, geologic features Source: FHWA-CFL 17

Center for Accelerating Innovation Mainstream Effective Underutilized Methods Seismic Methods (Surface Waves, Refraction, FWI, Downhole, Reflection) • Indicates stratigraphic changes and boundaries over large areas • Load-displacement behavior • Seismic hazard susceptibility Courtesy of Jeff Reid, Hager-Richter Assoc. 18

Center for Accelerating Innovation Mainstream Effective Underutilized Methods Televiewers – Optical and Acoustic (OTV/ATV) • High-resolution, 360 o , GIS, spatially oriented rock drillhole images • Continuous • In-place rock structure and condition • Eliminates difficult oriented coring • Independent of core quality Courtesy of Jeff Reid, Hager-Richter Assoc. 19

Center for Accelerating Innovation WLF – Manning Crevice Bridge Idaho Replacement of 1930s, 250’ long suspension bridge with asymmetrical, 300’ long suspension Bridge. 20 Courtesy of Nathan Jenks, WFL

Center for Accelerating Innovation Courtesy of Nathan Jenks, WFL 21

Center for Accelerating Innovation Mainstream Effective Underutilized Methods Measurement While Drilling (MWD) • Continuous profile • Discernable stratigraphic and material changes • Rock or Soil • Standardized in Europe ISO 22476- 15 22 Source: FHWA

Center for Accelerating Innovation Measurement While Drilling (MWD) - Background AKA – Diagraphy Drilling, Instrumented Drilling, Use of Drilling Parameters Predominantly used with rotary-percussive, air-rotary and rotary-wash drilling ACIP Piles - Use many of the same drilling measurements Often used in conjunction with LWD – Logging While Drilling (down-hole geophysics) in the Oil/Gas/Mining Industries.

Center for Accelerating Innovation Background - Measurements Measured and Recorded while Drilling: • Fluid Pressure • Torque • Rotation Speed • Thrust-on-bit (i.e. Down-thrust, Down-Pressure, Crowd) • Hold-Back • Penetration Depth • Time • Drilling-Speed (reciprocal of time)

Center for Accelerating Innovation EFL – Instrumented CME 750 ($30K) 25 Source: EFLHD Courtesy of Mohammed Elias, EFL

Center for Accelerating Innovation From Gui et al. 2002

Center for Accelerating Innovation From Gui et al. 2002 Γ v = V d /( ω d D) Γ f = W’/(T q /D) Γ easy = - Γ v / Γ f Γ hard = 1/ Γ easy E = log Γ v /log Γ f

Center for Accelerating Innovation From Smith 2015

Center for Accelerating Innovation From McVay et al. – 2016 Estimated strengths from field MWD “Monitoring Strengths” and unconfined compressive strengths from core specimens. Source: FDOT-UF

Center for Accelerating Innovation From McVay et al. – 2016