Bio Natural Gas from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) |Azhar Abdul Raof |SIRIM Berhad| Biogas Asia Pacific Forum, June 2-4,2014
Content of my presentation • Biogas conditioning and upgrading for vehicle application • Recent progress on standard development for biogas production (Draft Malaysian Standard)
SIRIM in brief- S&Q and R&TD activities Staff strength : 2200 (700 staffs in R&TD ) Technology platform: 3 Flagships (Business units) Energy & Environment Plant & Machinery Medical Engineering Technology development Development of bio Comprehensive medical devices, and for energy generation & technology energy storage and drug delivery system application for plant environmental solution and machine design technologies
Introduction
Oil Palm Industry -2013 • 5 million hectares • Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) production - 100million MT • Crude Palm Oil (CPO) Production- 19.2 Million • No of oil palm mills in operation > 424 mills • Palm oil mill effluent (POME) production-75million m3* * 0.75m3-POME/FFB
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) disposal is an issues 1 Untreated POME causes water body pollution -High BOD (25,000mg/l) and stringent discharge standard of BOD (<100mg/l) 2 Anaerobic digestion is the chosen solution and converts POME to BIOGAS and Fertilizer - Almost all of the mills are using anaerobic pond or anaerobic digester tank 3 Biogas is under utilised and most cases are released to atmosphere – GHG emission - Flaring and uncapture .Currently about 60 mills are capturing biogas
The next problem to overcome is on capturing value of biogas 1 Biogas is co-firing in biomass boiler to produce heat and electricity- RM0.28/Nm 3 -BioNG* Free up PKS and fibers 2 Biogas is directly burn to generate electricity in gas engine-RM 1.24/Nm 3 -BioNG** Limited access to power grid 3 Biogas is upgraded and used to displace vehicle fuel (Gasoline) - RM 2.10 /Nm 3 -BioNG*** Competing with subsidised natural gas selling at NGV station Biomethane : 97% CH4 (9.67kWh/Nm3), *PKS RM130/MT, CV 3900kcal/kg; ** Electrical efficiency 40%, FiT=RM0.338/kWH,*** RM0.68/LPE
BioNG-what is it? BioNG or Biomethane is derived from BIOGAS. BIOGAS is produced from anaerobic digestion of biowaste/crops by micro-organisms in a closed container without oxygen. Biogas can be processed to remove the carbon dioxide and impurities, producing BioNG. BioNG contains 95% or more METHANE; a renewable gas source for fuel displacement. Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Power Grid Mobile Pipeline Manure CH4 CO2 CH4 Biogas Anaerobic Digester BioNG Food and Amenity waste Digestate Transport Fuel Heat (Boiler) Energy crops and A gricultural waste
Why BioNG • Diverse , abundant and self-supplying feedstock: POME, sewage sludge, municipal bio-waste, residues and crops from the agro-food sector • Unique combination of low-carbon, low-emissions, low-noise transport • Biogas production to improve environmental efficiency of waste treatment processes • Upgraded biogas similar to natural gas : - CNG infrastructures and vehicles can be used - Upgraded biogas can be injected in and transported by the natural gas pipelines
BioNG from POME The project
BioNG project overview • BioNG project was funded by Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) 2010-2013 • A collaborative research project between SIRIM and SIME Darby Research Sdn Bhd • The main objective of the project was to capture and upgrade biogas to automotive grade fuel
Design data and biogas processing Design capacity: 600Nm 3 -BioNG/day (CH 4 >95%) Gas Adsorptive CO 2 Quality conditioning H 2 S removal Removal Control 100Nm 3 /hr 50Nm 3 /hr BioNG High Pressure Buffer Filling Station Compressor storage tank 36Nm 3 /hr 20m 3 @10Bar
BioNG production plant
SIRIM-engineered technology for BioNG production Moisture removal H2S removal CO2 removal (PSA) Compression
SIRIM-engineered technology for BioNG production
Results Parameters Biogas BioNG Natural Gas * CH 4 (%) 69.3 95.9 92.73 Other hydrocarbon - - 4.99 CO 2 (%) 24.1 2.7 1.83 O 2 (%) 0.7 0.7 NA N 2 (%) 1.8 0.7 0.45 H 2 S (ppm) 1260 5 NA Moisture Saturated NA NA *Energy commission report 2006 NA: Data not available
Technical specification of Biomethane (Europe)
Technical specification Gas Speci fication Parameter Petronas BioNG 35.1-48.1 > 35 Gross Heating Value (MJ/Sm3) Specific Gravity <0.75 0.56 Dew Point @56 Barg ( o C) 10 2.1 Total sulfur (mg/m 3 ) <30 N.A H 2 S (mg/m 3 ) <5.7 <5.0 Inert Gas (mole%) <10 <5.0 N.A: not analysed Biomethane : GHV=39.2MJ/Sm 3 Sm 3 : Standard volume at 15 o C & 1 atm
Biomethane fuel car 80 L-Water Capacity (115kg) Full tank = 16.172L
Consumption of BioNG in Bi-fuel (BioNG/Petrol) Vehicle Energy content of different fuels * Fuel Energy (kWH) 1 Nm3 BioNG 9.67 1 Nm3 NG 11.0 1 Litre petrol 9.06 1 Litre diesel 9.8 or 1Nm3 BioNG=1.1 Litres petrol Distance traveled in km 1Nm3 NG=1.2 Litres petrol BioNG fuel car travel 10.5km per Liter HW : High way drive *http://www.ngvaeurope.eu/comparison-of-energy-contents-and-co2-emissions-from-different-fuels
Potential users – Green Mobility for Plantation Sector
Feasibility study-5000Nm3-BioNG/day BioNG + + Raw Biogas Upgrading Transportation = cost • Biogas payments of RM12 /mmbtu * or are used internally to provide additional margin to mill owner- H2S< 500ppm 30Nm3- RM40/ 46Nm3- 1 MMBtu Biogas BioNG MMBtu** * Selling price for PKS is RM150/MT **Market price is RM45-50/mmbtu ,subsidised is RM16/mmbtu Diesel is selling at RM80/MMbtu
Challenges in BioNG production • Competing with subsidised natural gas prices • Current incentive is too focus on electricity generation • High cost of biogas upgrading unit • No standard for BioNG quality • Logistics of compressed BioNG Transport????? Source of BioNG Off-generation site users
Logistic of BioNG • Our mobile light weight tank system bridges this gap-(50% reduction) • Our method enables the economic delivery of BioNG • Accessibility (Off-road ) 25
What is next ? In the past? Where are we now ? What is next? Integrated BioNG Production, Logistic Biogas Production (2005) and Utilisation Pilot Scale RABR Demo Plant (East Sabah) 5000LDE/Day Biogas upgrading to BioNG Pilot Plant-500LDE/Day Filament winding (2010) Composite CNG (Type III) Light-weight SIRIM composite fuel storage tank (Type IV) 2013 2015 2010
Snapshot of the Biogas to BioNG process From Source Power Off Gas Gas Engine Biogas Cleaning System Biogas Upgrading System Distribution 3 Stage Fuel Compressor Gas Transport Unit
Perspective view of the plant Mobile Pipeline Bio Natural Gas Plant (Light Weight Composite Tank)
Draft MS for Biogas Plant
Draft MS for Biogas Plant 1. TECHNICAL COMMITTEE /WORKING GROUP The Draft MS was developed by the WG on Biogas 2.BACKGROUND AND BASIS -This MS applies to the installation of systems for the production, handling, storage and flaring of biogas in newly constructed biogas systems. For application using high pressure piping special consideration will be applied. -This standard applies to the safety aspects of the operation and maintenance for handling, storage, and utilisation of biogas in biogas systems. NOTE: This standard does not apply to a) input storages b)long-term digestate storages, and, c)pilot-scale and research digesters 3. PUBLIC COMMENT -Date of issue:01/02/2014 -Closing date for receipt of comment:01/4/2014 -Circulation: Internally to government Ministries Department and Agencies and relevant companies and interested parties, and externally to overseas national standard bodies 4. IMPLEMENTATION - ISC acceptance as final draft of MS meeting schedule on 26/06/2014 - Implementation is expected 4Q 2014
Acknowledgements 1. Ministry of Science Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) 2. Sime Darby Plantation and Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd 3. All team members.
Draft MS for Biogas Plant …..….. questions please? Thanks for your attention ! All information, is highly confidential and shall not in any manner be used or made known to any third party without the prior written permission of SIRIM Berhad
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