BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE The system of classifying and naming organisms that was developed by Carolus Linnaeus in the 1700’s that is still in use today
SCIENTIFIC NAMES • Every organism is given its own unique two-part name, which is called its scientific name. Bi= two Nomen= name Nomial= number Clature= classify “Two Number Name Classify” = Two-Part Classification Name
GENUS & SPECIES • Scientific names are made up of two names, a GENUS name and a SPECIES name. GENUS Pinus SPECIES taeda “ Pinus taeda ”
COMMON NAMES • This tree is known by three different English names, depending on where you live in the United States… Loblolly Pine Longstraw Pine Indian Pine
Using common names can be very confusing because there are usually multiple (many) different names given to the same organism using different languages that are not known to everyone…
SCIENTIFIC NAMES • Scientific names are unique to only one type of organism and use Latin so that no matter what country a scientist is from or what language they speak, they will understand each other… Pinus taeda (Genus species) *No other organism has this exact Latin name, it is unique
GENUS • A GENUS name is written first in a scientific name • Organisms that belong to the same GENUS are similar, but not exactly alike • All of these organisms belong to the same GENUS= Felis
SPECIES • A SPECIES name is written second in a scientific name • Organisms that belong to the same SPECIES are so similar that they can mate and have fertile offspring • All of these organisms belong to the same SPECIES= domesticus
GENUS vs SPECIES • Genus groups are • Species groups are bigger than species smaller than genus groups, but organisms groups, but the are less alike organisms are more alike Same Genus Same Genus Different Species Same Species
Same GENUS Different SPECIES Genus = Felis Species = concolor Felis concolor “Cougar” Genus = Felis Species = pardalis Felis pardalis “Ocelot” Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “ House Cat”
Same GENUS Same SPECIES Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “House Cat” Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “House Cat” Genus = Felis Species = domesticus Felis domesticus “House Cat”
SPECIES can MATE and have FERTILE offspring… + + = YES!! = NO!!
MORE EXAMPLES GENUS= Canis SPECIES= familiaris “Dog”
MORE EXAMPLES GENUS= Canis SPECIES= lupus “Wolf”
SPECIES can MATE and have FERTILE offspring… + + = YES!! = NO!!
LATIN NAME MEANINGS • Latin word parts are put together to create names • Names describe something about the organism • A grizzly bear has GENUS= Ursus a “horrible” reputation SPECIES= horribilis
LATIN NAME MEANINGS GENUS= Ursus GENUS= Ursus SPECIES= americanus SPECIES= arctos “American Black Bear” “Arctic Polar Bear”
RULES OF LATIN SCIENTIFIC NAMES • Names can describe a physical characteristic about the organism • Names can include the name of the place the organism lives in or where it was discovered • Names can include the name of the scientist that discovered the organism
LATIN SCIENTIFIC NAME MEANINGS Viola missouriensis Discovered in Missouri Pheidole fullerae Ant discovered by a scientist named Fuller
WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES • Genus names are capitalized • Species names are lowercase GENUS= Drosophila SPECIES= melanogaster • Underline or “Fruit Fly”= italicize both names Drosophila melanogaster
EVEN YOU HAVE A SCIENTIFIC NAME!! GENUS= Homo SPECIES= sapiens “Humans” = Homo sapiens
EXAMPLES USED DURING PRESENTATION • Felis concolor • Ursus americanus • Felis pardalis • Viola missouriensis • Felis domesticus • Pheidole fullerae • Canis lupus • Drosophila melanogaster • Canis familiaris • Homo sapiens • Ursus horribilis • Ursus arctos **ALL EXAMPLES FOLLOW THE PROPER RULES OF CREATING AND WRITING SCIENTIFIC NAMES**
AP APPL PLY Y WH WHAT YO AT YOU LEA EARN RNED ED AB ABOU OUT T SCIENTIF IENTIFIC IC NAM AMES ES The following names describe three different types of North American Pocket Mice. Study the names and answer the questions at the end of your study sheet. *Use only these three names to answer each question!* Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus
Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus 1. What is the GENUS name of this group? 2. How many SPECIES are there in this group? 3. What are the SPECIES names?
Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus 4. Give an example of two of these organisms that CANNOT MATE and have fertile offspring. 5. Give an example of two of these organisms that CAN MATE and have fertile offspring.
Perognathus californicus Perognathus nelsoni Perognathus spinatus 6. What can you INFER about the three types of mice from the SCIENTIFIC NAME that was chosen for them?
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