International Nomenclature and Standards in International Nomenclature and Standards in Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology: Ethics, Societal, Environmental and Safety implications Ethics, Societal, Environmental and Safety implications Lloyd Leighton Tran Lloyd Leighton Tran President President International Association of Nanotechnology International Association of Nanotechnology http://www.ianano.org http://www.ianano.org
Why International Nanotechnology Standards are needed ? Why International Nanotechnology Standards are needed ? The Standard Project will develop interoperability specification The Standard Project will develop interoperability specifications for s for nanomaterials, devices and nanoscale structures and systems. nanomaterials, devices and nanoscale structures and systems. To set international standards for testing methods and process To set international standards for testing methods and processes so es so data is reported uniformly and results can be compared and verif data is reported uniformly and results can be compared and verified ied This will help researchers, designers, manufacturers and suppl This will help researchers, designers, manufacturers and suppliers as iers as well as customers to communicate effectively and harmonize best practices well as customers to communicate effectively and harmonize best practices worldwide. worldwide. To optimize the manufacturing processes while ensure the trus To optimize the manufacturing processes while ensure the trust and t and confidence of customers and public at large confidence of customers and public at large Without standards the emerging field cannot grow to become an major major Without standards the emerging field cannot grow to become an industry. industry. International Association of Nanotechnology International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran by Lloyd L. Tran
International nomenclature and standards in International nomenclature and standards in Nanotechnology are urgently needed for Nanotechnology are urgently needed for • Research laboratory Research laboratory • Publication Publication • • Patent Protection Patent Protection • • Communication Communication • • Clinical study Clinical study • Manufacturing Manufacturing • • Commercialization Commercialization • International Association of Nanotechnology International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran by Lloyd L. Tran
Example of some nanotechnology nanotechnology terms: “Bottom Bottom- -up up” ” “Top Top- -down down” ” “ “Wet/wet Wet/wet” ”, , “ “wet/dry wet/dry” ”, , “ “dry/dry dry/dry” ” “ Nano- Nano -scale hybrid materials scale hybrid materials Taxonomy of carbon nanostructured Taxonomy of carbon nanostructured: : carbon black, diesel exhaust, filtration carbon, carbon black, diesel exhaust, filtration carbon, 60, fullerene, single C 60, fullerene, single- -wall carbon nanotubes, wall carbon nanotubes, C multiwall carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes multiwall http://www.mb.tn.tudelft.nl/images/AnimatedTube.gif International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran International Association of Nanotechnology by Lloyd L. Tran
Scientific landscape in Nanotechnology Scientific landscape in Nanotechnology Knowledge based Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (known- -known) known) Knowledge based Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (known Nano Tools Nanomaterials Nanoelectronics Nanoparticles Nanomedicine Nanophotonics Nanolithography International Association of Nanotechnology International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran by Lloyd L. Tran
Scientific Landscape in Nanotechnology Scientific Landscape in Nanotechnology Un- -chartered Territory : great opportunities in exploring the unkno chartered Territory : great opportunities in exploring the unknown wn Un Unchartered Territory (Known Unknown) Known Known International Association of Nanotechnology International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran by Lloyd L. Tran
Scientific Landscape in Nanotechnology Scientific Landscape in Nanotechnology Unknown Known Unknown Unknown Known Known International Association of Nanotechnology International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran by Lloyd L. Tran
Current Nomenclature & Standards Development Effort Current Nomenclature & Standards Development Effort IEEE has had standard for electrical characteristics of carbon n IEEE has had standard for electrical characteristics of carbon nanotubes anotubes IUPAC and CAS have had some nomenclature frameworks for fuller IUPAC and CAS have had some nomenclature frameworks for fullerene ene American National Standard Institute (ANSI) initiated a Nanote American National Standard Institute (ANSI) initiated a Nanotech panel 11/04 ch panel 11/04 ASTM and ASME has recently begun metrology effort ASTM and ASME has recently begun metrology effort ISO has begun development of international standards in nanote ISO has begun development of international standards in nanotechnology chnology International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran International Association of Nanotechnology by Lloyd L. Tran
Nanotechnology Standard Development: Nanotechnology Standard Development: 1. Metrology and test Methods: 1. Metrology and test Methods: 2. Properties and characteristics of nanomaterials 2. Properties and characteristics of nanomaterials 3. Risk assessment and management 3. Risk assessment and management 4. Toxicology study 4. Toxicology study 5. Environmental impact 5. Environmental impact International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran International Association of Nanotechnology by Lloyd L. Tran
Nanotechnology Standards Nanotechnology Standards 1. Metrology and test methods: 1. Metrology and test methods: • Aggregation • Aggregation • Agglomeration Agglomeration • Airborn Airborn concentration concentration • Aspect ratio • Aspect ratio • Dispersivity • Dispersivity • Hydroxylation Hydroxylation • Zeta potential Zeta potential • Light scattering absorbance • Light scattering absorbance • Mass concentration • Mass concentration • Surface area/ concentration Surface area/ concentration • Standards for calibration Standards for calibration • Statistical significance • Statistical significance and others and others… International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran International Association of Nanotechnology by Lloyd L. Tran
Nanotechnology Standard Development: Nanotechnology Standard Development: 1. Metrology/measurement test methods 2. Properties and characteristics of nanomaterials Properties and characteristics of nanomaterials • naturally occurring vs. engineered particles naturally occurring vs. engineered particles • • size, shape, morphology size, shape, morphology • surface area surface area • porosity porosity • • solubility solubility • • magnetic magnetic • electrical electrical • bioactive bioactive • • composite, etc composite, etc… … • International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran International Association of Nanotechnology by Lloyd L. Tran
Single Wall Carbon Nanotube Nanotube contains contains Redox Redox- -Active Iron Active Iron Single Wall Carbon Source: Valerie E. Kagan, Dept. Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh
Nanotechnology Standard Development: Nanotechnology Standard Development: 1. Metrology/measurement test methods: 2. Properties and characteristics 3. Risk Assessment and management Risk Assessment and management • exposure assessment exposure assessment • • hazard identification hazard identification • dose dose-response assessment response assessment • risk characterization risk characterization • • containment procedures containment procedures • • threshold levels threshold levels • adverse effect report adverse effect report • etc etc… …. . • International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. Tran International Association of Nanotechnology by Lloyd L. Tran
Nanotechnology Standard Development: Nanotechnology Standard Development: 1. Metrology/measurement test methods: 2. Properties and characteristics 3. Risk Assessment and management 4. Toxicology study Toxicology study • bioavailability bioavailability • bioaccumulation bioaccumulation • • bio bio- -interaction interaction • • pathogenicity pathogenicity • toxic levels: toxic levels: ppm ppm, ppb , ppb • acute acute vs vs chronic chronic • in vitro vs. in vivo in vitro vs. in vivo • • by by-products, metabolites, degradation products products, metabolites, degradation products • exposure route: external, ingestion and inhalation, exposure route: external, ingestion and inhalation, • animal toxicity vs. human toxicity animal toxicity vs. human toxicity • • susceptibility: children vs. adult exposure susceptibility: children vs. adult exposure • • short short- -term and long term toxicity term and long term toxicity Etc… Etc … International Association of Nanotechnology International Association of Nanotechnology– by Lloyd L. by Lloyd L. Tran Tran
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