Background Using Information Technology, 18-20 August 2003 - PDF document

Ad Hoc Expert Group Meeting on Poverty Mapping and Monitoring Background Using Information Technology, 18-20 August 2003 Background  Demand – request from countries for technical assistance on POVERTY MAPPING AND MONITORING POVERTY MAPPING AND MONITORING poverty mapping USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW AN OVERVIEW  Interdivision project: Poverty mapping and monitoring using Information Technology – Expert group meeting Hiren Sarkar and Edgar Dante – Background document on status methodologies and Poverty and Development Division policies uses of poverty mapping Mechanics Mechanics Objectives of the EGM Objectives of the EGM  Four country case studies (methodology, uses and  Review the status of methodologies and policies impact) regarding use of poverty mapping ;  Panel presentations and discussions  Examine a number of country case studies -sharing practical experiences, methodology, uses,  Identify key issues for determining applicability policy issues and impact of various methodologies ;  Synthesis and recommendations  Assist in defining UNESCAP’s role in the promotion of poverty mapping techniques Key issues on poverty mapping Key issues on poverty mapping Key issues on poverty mapping Key issues on poverty mapping  Resources are to be directed to  Targeting direct programmes to benefit the poor (household) – Where the poor live – Income generation – Poor regions (with less potential for economic – Health development – Housing  Various levels of decentralized resource allocation – Sanitation planning  Targeting direct programmes to benefit poor regions – Federal planners  State and provinces – Mitigating land degradation – Provincial planners  Districts – Mitigating forest degradation – Increasing watershed cover – District planners  Villages – Improving physical infrastructure – Village planners  Communities/households 1

Production issues Production issues Production and use of poverty maps Production and use of poverty maps  How to combine the two data sets Production issues  Data – household survey / census  Poverty maps uses small area distribution of  Estimation of the income/consumption model economic welfare estimated from statistical  Simulation of income/consumption of all data which are normally available for a household in population census country (combination of household survey  Poor-nonpoor classification by using poverty lines and population census)  Aggregation of poverty for small areas; districts, sub-districts, villages Geographic Information System (GIS) Geographic Information System (GIS) Issues regarding use of poverty maps Issues regarding use of poverty maps  Spatial representation of income poverty as well as  Who will use the maps? attributes/indicators of poverty, such as ecological  What will be the use: dimension of poverty, watershed atlas, vulnerability atlas, – Locating where there is a concentration of the income food security and natural resources poor and resources should be allocated – Locating where there is a concentration of ‘poverty  Stand alone maps could identify poor region but not ‘poor attributes’ (degraded land and forest cover, lock of region housing large number of poor people’ watershed, etc.) and resources should be allocated  Maps of transport information, public service centers and – Resource allocation planning and monitoring impact urbanization of policies  Superimposing ‘attributes’ with ‘poverty status’ maps – Reliability of poverty and other maps for allocating resources and monitor impacts What do we expect from this meeting? What do we expect from this meeting? Possible role of UNESCAP Possible role of UNESCAP  Identification of priority constraints and  Technical assistance in organizing poverty recommendations for alleviating those mapping exercises – Creation and adoption of appropriate and  Technical assistance in providing training reliable methodology – Human resources for production, interpretation  Providing forums for experience sharing and use of poverty maps (national capacities) (expected results?) – Financial resources  Advocacy – Institutions (multidisciplinary?) 2

Poverty mapping – – not new! not new! Poverty mapping Poverty Mapping – – An Overview An Overview Poverty Mapping Recent interest in poverty mapping 1. Policy applications 2. Methods of poverty mapping 3. Key issues: methods and use poverty 4. maps Involves measuring or estimating the extent of poverty or food security for geographic areas Recent Interest in Poverty Mapping Recent Interest in Poverty Mapping Recent Interest in Poverty Mapping Recent Interest in Poverty Mapping Global agenda on poverty reduction  Advancement in Information and Communication Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – Technology (computers, GIS, Remote Sensing) Challenge – inequality! –  GIS is a computer software that links geographic information (where things are) with descriptive – “In many countries, the letter of the Goals may be achieved if efforts focus on people already doing the information (what things are) best in society. But the spirit of the Goals is not met if  GIS produces digital maps. Unlike a flat paper map, countries that cross the finish line leave behind many a GIS digital map can present many layers of poor people” (Human Development Report 2003) different information of the map – Needs effective targeting, including geographic  Most types of poverty mapping increasingly depend Promotion by World Bank, UN agencies, etc. – on GIS generated data. Poverty mapping Poverty mapping – – high resolution high resolution Recent Interest in Poverty Mapping Recent Interest in Poverty Mapping  Advancement in statistical modeling techniques – Small area estimation – Use of available data (household surveys and census to estimate poverty indicators) 3

Policy applications of poverty maps Policy applications of poverty maps Targeting of poverty reduction Targeting of poverty reduction  Targeting of emergency food aid and poverty  Viet Nam’s Comprehensive Poverty reduction programmes Reduction and Growth Strategy will use  Planning of health services district level poverty maps to improve  Development of early warning system targeting of poverty reduction programmes – Provide new jobs to 1.4-1.5 million people per year  Distribution of scholarship programme – Improve quality of education  Planning and targeting infrastructure projects – Provide clean water to 85% of population  Targeting of livestock research – Upgrade irrigation systems  Environmental assessment Increasing number of applications! Assessment of food security Assessment of food security Planning health services Planning health services  Cambodia, WFP has used commune level  Maps of poverty, sanitation, water supply poverty maps since 1995 to help identify the and cholera incidence were heavily used to most food-insecure communes, especially help contain a cholera outbreak in South for the “food for work” programme Africa in 2001 – Allocating US$ 50 million in WFP food aid (2001-03) Education Planning infrastructure projects Education Planning infrastructure projects  The World Bank is using Guatemala’s  Poverty map was used in Guatemala to poverty map in conjunction with other data verify whether scholarships had been to help develop a road strategy. This will allocated to the poorest municipalities influence the allocation of US$ 100 million for road improvement 4