A Study of Properties of Polyamide/Butyl Rubber Blends J.D. (Jack) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Study of Properties of Polyamide/Butyl Rubber Blends J.D. (Jack) Van Dyke Marek Gnatowski Andy Koutsandreas Andrew Burczyk

Blending Possibilities  Type of butyl rubber (IIR, CIIR, BIIR)  Proportion in the blend  Non-vulcanized or dynamically vulcanized – Vulcanizing agent (S, ZnO/ZDEDC, MgO/ Amine)  Type of polyamide  Blending conditions  Preparation of the sample

Polyamide/Butyl Rubber Blends Non-Vulcanized  Halogenated butyl rubber - more reactive  Graft/block formation during high speed mixing – Halogenated butyl rubber – more graft/block  Evidence of graft/block in extracted samples – Presence of polyamide peak by FTIR – Microanalysis indicates excess nitrogen present

Tensile Properties of Polyamide 12/ Rubber Blends - Non-Vulcanized 14.0 PA/BIIR PA/CIIR PA/IIR 12.0 Tensile Strength (MPa) 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 30 35 40 45 Polyamide 12 Content (% )

Non-Vulcanization vs. Dynamic Vulcanization

Dynamic Vulcanization 14000 12000 Torque (g-meters) 10000 8000 6000 accelerator added 4000 CIIR, ZnO, Stearic Acid, Wax Added 2000 Polyamide 12 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Mixing Time (Min)

Rheology of PA/Butyl Rubber Blends – Comparison 1000 Polyamide 12 PA12/CIIR Dynamic Vulc. PA12/CIIR Non-Vulcanized PA12/IIR Dynamic Vulc. Viscosity (Pa * s) 100 100 1000 Shear Rate (1/s)

% Insolubles – Non Vulcanized vs. Dynamically Vulcanized 120 100 % Insolubles Non Vulcanized 80 Dynamically 60 Vulcanized 40 20 0 Butyl Bromobutyl Chlorobutyl

Polyamide Melting Temperature - Effect of Rubber Type and Processing 181 180 Melting Temperature (oC) 179 178 177 176 175 174 173 Polyamide 12 PA12/IIR PA12/IIR DV PA12/CIIR PA12/CIIR DV

Comparison of Tensile Strengths - Non- Vulcanized and Dynamically Vulcanized 16 Ultimate Tensile Strength (MPa) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 PA12/BIIR PA12/BIIR DV PA12/CIIR PA12/CIIR DV PA12/IIR PA12/IIR DV

Comparison of Elongations - Non- Vulcanized and Dynamically Vulcanized 400 Elongation at Break (%) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 PA12/BIIR PA12/BIIR DV PA12/CIIR PA12/CIIR DV PA12/IIR PA12/IIR DV

Effect Molding Procedure on Tensile Properties for Dynamically-Vulcanized 40/60 PA/Rubber Blends 16 Tensile Strength (MPa) PA/BIIR PA/CIIR PA/IIR 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Injection Injection Injection Compression Compression Compression

Effect of Rubber Properties on Tensile Strength for Dynamically Vulcanized 40/60 PA/Rubber Blends

Conclusions Compatible blends are formed under high 1. shear mixing - both non-vulcanized and vulcanized. Rheology of the blends depends on the 2. method of preparation. A sample is more processible at high shear in 3. dynamically vulcanized blends.

Conclusions 4. For dynamically vulcanized blends, the highest tensile and elongation values are obtained with CIIR as the blend component. 5. Mechanical properties seem to be affected by a. type of halogen b. Mooney viscosity of the rubber c. method of processing d. not affected by the unsaturation in the rubber phase.

Acknowledgements  Department of National Defence – Canada  Laboratory staff at PEC – Dave Lesewick, Christine Mah  Laboratory staff at TWU – Andria Lengkeek, Miriam Buschhaus  Polymer Engineering Co. and Trinity Western University – Generous use of facilities