What to Consider When Managing Your Industrial Waste Streams: A Solid Waste Management Perspective September 17, 2015 Colleen Grace Donofrio Babst Calland, Clements and Zomnir, P.C. 380-A Tylers Mill Road Sewell, NJ 08080 (856) 526-2495 (412) 586-1082 fax (412) 977-8029 cell cdonofrio@babstcalland.com www.babstcalland.com
Agenda Material Categorization On-Site Management Off-Site Transportation 3
Material Categorization What to Categorize Regardless of the type of Remediation Program • RCRA Permitted Sites • CERCLA Cleanup Sites • State Lead Superfund Sites • Brownfield Sites . . . Waste Determinations must be made! 4
Material Categorization How to Categorize Start with Four (4) Key Questions: Is the material a Solid Waste? Is the material exempted or excepted from the Definition of Solid Waste? Is the material a listed, characteristic or commercial chemical product (CCP) hazardous waste? Is the material specifically exempted from the Definition of Hazardous Waste? 5
Material Categorization How to Categorize A material is typically a Solid Waste if “discarded”. Reuse and Recycling exceptions may apply BUT they are highly fact specific and typically the most difficult solid waste issues confronted. Inherent tension: • Policies to facilitate certain types of recycling or reuse activities vs. • Policies to prevent “sham” recycling Complexity and confusion reign. Further complication: The New “Definition of Solid Waste” (DSW). 6
Material Categorization Solid Waste Exclusions Other than Legitimate Reuse or Reclamation, key exclusions from the Definition of Solid Waste include: • NPDES Point Source Discharges • Closed Loop Recycling • Certain Types of Scrap Metal • Certain Reclaimed Materials 7
Material Categorization Listed Hazardous Wastes “ F”, “K”, “P” and “U” • Listing Background Documents • Appendix VII • Industry-specific Compliance Guides 8
Material Categorization Characteristic Hazardous Waste Ignitable wastes (D001) Many spent solvents Used oil Includes solids Corrosive wastes (D002) Many spent acids Cleaning solutions Wastewater treatment chemicals No solids Reactive wastes (D003) Normally unstable React violently with water Cyanide or sulfide bearing wastes: toxic gases, vapors or fumes Toxic wastes (D004-D043) Used oil Dusts from air pollution control devices Metal (8) or organic (27) containing wastes 9
Material Categorization Hazardous Waste Exclusions Key Exclusions from the Hazardous Waste Categorizations include: • Fly ash, bottom ash, flue gas emission control wastes from coal burners • Certain oil and gas drilling fluids and wastes • Bevill Amendment wastes 10
Material Categorization Hazardous Waste Listing Determination Knowledge of the Waste Knowledge of the Site History Non-Listed Presumption due to Lack of Definitive Information 11
Material Categorization Other Considerations Mixture rule • Listed remains listed • Characteristic may not remain characteristic • Spills Derived-from rule • Look at treatment residue: Treatability Group Changes Contained-in Principle • Applies to listed hazardous waste-containing media (e.g., soil, groundwater) Retroactivity Principle 12
Material Categorization State-Specific Nonhazardous Waste Programs If your material is not a Hazardous Waste and is not otherwise excluded from the definition of solid waste: • It may be a State-regulated Non- Hazardous Waste. 13
Material Categorization Paperwork For all Remediation Materials, document the Waste Determinations. If Hazardous, check the current RCRA Subtitle C Site Identification Form. If Hazardous but Excluded from regulation, complete a Land Disposal Restriction Notice to File form. Ensure Training Records are fully Compliant. 14
COMPANY NAME & LOCATION WASTE CHARACTERIZATION Instructions: For each waste determination, complete this form. If the characterization is based on review of an MSDS, attach the MSDS. If based on analysis, attach the analytical documentation. If based on knowledge, provide an explanation. All wastes are to be reviewed for a waste characterization determination. 1. Waste Stream Identification ___________________________ Location:_______________________________ 2. Process generating the waste:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Date of Characterization:______________________________ 4. Waste Characterization Basis (check all that apply): Knowledge Testing MSDS 5. If waste was tested, complete the following: Laboratory: Date Submitted: Date Completed: Sampler:__________________ Analytical Method:__________________ 6. Results (check applicable items): Universal Waste________ Hazardous Waste Nonhazardous Solid Waste__________ (Characteristic or Listed) Exempt Hazardous Waste * Exempt Nonhazardous Solid Waste *________ (* See note on bottom of page) ( * See note on bottom of page) 7. If hazardous by characteristic: Toxic Ignitable Corrosive Reactive 8. If listed, F, P, K, or U designation: 9. If characteristic or listed Hazardous Waste: Are average volatile organic concentrations (“AVOCs”) > 500 ppm present in the waste? If so, follow specific 40 CFR Part 265, Subpart CC standards for managing quantities of 119 gallons or greater. 10. Disposition Method: Off-site Treatment: On-site Treatment: Off-site Disposal: On-site Disposal: Off-site Incineration: Off-site Reuse/Recycle: On-site Reuse/Recycle: Other: 11. Disposition Facility (ies) name, location and operation type:_______________________________________________________________________________ 12. Other comments/notes: * Complete a Land Disposal Restriction (“LDR”) Notice to File form for each material reused and/or recycled that would be designated as a hazardous waste if not managed for reuse/recycle. 15
LAND DISPOSAL RESTRICTION NOTICE TO FILE [40 C.F.R. § 268.7(a)(7)] GENERATOR: ID #:________________ ADDRESS:____________________________________ Regarding the following waste stream: Generating Process: Waste ID #(s) at point of generation: Generated at a rate of per________ If this material waste managed as a hazardous waste, it would be subject to the following land disposal restriction (“LDR”) standards: Waste Code Regulated Hazardous Constituent CAS Number Wastewater Nonwastewater Conc., mg/l Conc., mg/kg For any references to “268.48 standards” in the table above: The universal treatment standards (“UTS”) at 40 C.F.R. § 268.48 must also be met for any underlying hazardous constituent (“UHC”) present in the as- generated waste at levels exceeding UTS and managed in a non-Clean Water Act (“CWA”), non-CWA equivalent, or non-Safe Drinking Water Act (“SDWA”) system. This material is not subject to the LDRs because, subsequent to the point of generation, it is excluded from the regulations at (check the appropriate exclusion(s)): 40 C.F.R. § 261.2 40 C.F.R. § 261.3 40 C.F.R. § 261.4 40 C.F.R. § 261.6 Other: ________________________________ Description of the on-site management and ultimate disposition of the material: 16
Title and Job Qualifications Employee Name Waste-Related Job Responsibities Universal Waste (Batteries, Hazardous Waste Used Oil Lamps) Remove dust collector filters XXXXXXXXXXXX furnace brick and perform housekeeping (e.g., dust control, spill clean up); upon Replace used lamps and batteries and place in Unit Manager: [INSERT removal or collection, place in less than 90-day storage Collect used oil during maintenance and repair labeled and dated Maintenance Shop storage Qualifications] XXXXXXXXXXXX containers activities and place in labeled storage containers containers Collect used aerosol cans and place in the Maintenance Shop satellite accumulation container Inspect used oil container storage area Inspect universal waste accumulation areas Maintain XXXXXXXXX dust satellite accumulation boxes: label, pull out, empty into less than 90-day storage containers and return for reuse Maintain satellite accumulation and less than 90-day storage containers: label, inspect and arrange for off-site shipment Prepares hazardous waste manifests Leadman Operator: [INSERT Qualifications] XXXXXXX XXXXXXX Same as Unit Manager's responsibilities Same as Unit Manager's responsibilities Same as Unit Manager's responsibilities Shipping/ Receiving Same as Unit Manager's responsibilities (except for preparing Manager: [INSERT Qual.] XXXXXXX XXXXXXX hazardous waste manifests) Same as Unit Manager's responsibilities Same as Unit Manager's responsibilities 17
On-Site Management for Remediation - Shut Downs, Decommissioning and Demolition Activities Pre-Planning • The (90 +90) Day Clock • Effective “In Process Unit” Treatment before Generation Waste Generation Rates • Discrete Sampling in Advance • Differentiate Unit Types Raw Material Units Process Units Wastewater Treatment Units Use a Matrix Approach 18
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