A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements Part - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Comparison Between MIL-STD and Commercial EMC Requirements – Part 2 By Vincent W. Greb President, EMC Integrity, Inc.

OVERVIEW • Compare and contrast military (i.e., MIL-STD) and commercial EMC immunity test requirements and test methods • Commercial requirements will be limited to the standard requirements for Information Technology Equipment (ITE) • Military requirements will focus on requirements for Space Systems • This will be a top-level treatment, as a comprehensive study would be a one-week short course • Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) movement of 1990’s

MILITARY EMC • EMC requirements for military applications have existed since the 1940s. • The evolution of military/aerospace EMC requirements has resulted in numerous standards encompassing for different applications/environments. • Most military (DoD) procurements require compliance with MIL-STD-461x, the first version of MIL-STD-461 was published in 1967. • This document has been revised and/or amended many times since that time. • Although the current version of MIL-STD-461 is the “F” version, this presentation will focus on the “E” version, published on 20 August 1999.

MIL-STD REQUIREMENTS MATRIX* Equipment and Subsytems Installed Requirement Applicability In, On or Launched From the CE101 CE102 CE106 CS101 CS103 CS104 CS105 CS109 CS114 CS115 CS116 RE101 RE102 RE103 RS101 RS103 RS105 Following Platforms or Installations Surface Ships A L A S S S A L A A A L A A L Submarines A A L A S S S L A L A A A L A A L Aircraft, Army, Including Flight Line A A L A S S S A A A A A L A A L Aircraft, Navy L A L A S S S A A A L A L L A L Aircraft, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A Space Systems, Including Launch A L A S S S A A A A L A Vehicles Ground, Army A L A S S S A A A A L L A Ground, Navy A L A S S S A A A A L A A L Ground, Air Force A L A S S S A A A A L A *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 27.

OVERVIEW OF MIL-STD TESTS* Requirement Description CE101 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 10 kHz CE102 Conducted Emissions, Power Leads, 10 kHz to 10 MHz CE106 Conducted Emissions, Antenna Terminal, 10 kHz to 40 GHz CS101 Conducted Susceptibility, Power Leads, 30 Hz to 150 kHz CS103 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Intermodulation, 15 kHz to 10 GHz CS104 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Rejection of Undesired Signals, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS105 Conducted Susceptibility, Antenna Port, Cross-Modulation, 30 Hz to 20 GHz CS109 Conducted Susceptibility, Structure Current, 60 Hz to 100 kHz CS114 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, 10 kHz to 200 MHz CS115 Conducted Susceptibility, Bulk Cable Injection, Impulse Excitation CS116 Conducted Susceptibility, Damped Sinusoidal Transients, Cables and Power Leads, 10 kHz to 100 MHz RE101 Radiated Emissions, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RE102 Radiated Emissions, Electric Field, 10 kHz to 18 GHz RE103 Radiated Emissions, Antenna Spurious and Harmonic Outputs, 10 kHz to 40 GHz RS101 Radiated Susceptibility, Magnetic Field, 30 Hz to 100 kHz RS103 Radiated Susceptibility, Electric Field, 2 MHz to 40 GHz RS105 Radiated Susceptibility, Transient Electromagnetic Field *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 26.

OVERVIEW OF COMMERCIAL EMC IMMUNITY TESTS (ITE) Requirement Description EN 55024: 1998 + A1: (Product Family Standard) Information Technology Equipment – Immunity Characteristics – Limits 2001 + A2: 2003 and Methods of Measurement IEC 61000-4-2 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge immunity test IEC 61000-4-3 Testing and measurement techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-4 Testing and measurement techniques – Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test IEC 61000-4-5 Testing and measurement techniques – Surge immunity test IEC 61000-4-6 Testing and measurement techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio- frequency fields IEC 61000-4-8 Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic field immunity test IEC 61000-4-11 Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity tests

IMMUNITY (SUSCEPTIBILITY) COMPARISON Military (461E) Commercial (EN 55024) No 461E equivalent Electrostatic discharge RS103 Radiated RF immunity CS114 Conducted RF immunity CS115 Electrical fast transient CS116 (loosely) Surge immunity RS101 (Note 1) Power frequency H-field immunity No 461E equivalent Voltage dips and interruptions CS101 No commercial equivalent Note 1: RS101 is not required for the space environment

Electrostatic Discharge Testing • Test levels specified by 55024; test method defined in 61000-4-2 • No 461 equivalent – although MIL-STD-1541A does outline an indirect discharge test. • Human body model defined by -4-2 is 150 pF capacitor and a 330 ohm resistor. • Standard provides for direct (air and contact) discharge as well as indirect discharge testing. • Test levels: +/- 4 kV contact; +/- 8 kV air. • Contact applicable to conductive surfaces. • Air applicable to non-conductive surfaces.

IEC 61000-4-2 Contact Waveform *Ref. IEC 61000-4-2, Edition 2.0, 2008-12, p. 13.

Setup for ESD Test (Table Top) *Ref. IEC 61000-4-2, Edition 2.0, 2008-12, p. 17.

Comparison: Radiated RF Immunity Parameter MIL-STD-461E EN 55024 Test Method RS103 IEC 61000-4-3 Frequency Range 2 MHz to 40 GHz 80 MHz to 1 GHz Field Strength 20 V/m 3 V/m Step Size See table (next slide) 1% (for entire range) Dwell Time 3 seconds (min) 3 seconds (min) Modulation 1 kHz Pulse Mod. 1 kHz AM sine Notable differences Real-time feedback Playback generated from 16-point field uniformity calibration

Step Sizes Defined by MIL-STD-461E Frequency Range Step Size (%) 30 Hz to 1 MHz 5% 1 MHz to 30 MHz 1% 30 MHz to 1 GHz 0.5% 1 GHz to 8 GHz 0.1% 8 GHz to 40 GHz 0.05%

Test Setup for RS103 *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 129.

Field Strength for 461E *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 127.

Test Setup for Radiated RF Immunity *Ref. IEC 61000-4-3, Edition 3.1, 2008-04, p. 49.

Uniform Field of 61000-4-3 *Ref. IEC 61000-4-3, Edition 3.1, 2008-04, p. 53.

Comparison of Field Strengths 25 20 Field Strength (V/m) 15 10 5 0 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 Frequency (MHz) 461E - Space IEC 61000-4-3 for IT

Comparison: Conducted RF Immunity Parameter MIL-STD-461E EN 55024 Test Method CS114 IEC 61000-4-6 Frequency Range 10 kHz to 200 MHz 150 kHz to 80 MHz Injected Level See Curve #3 3 Vrms Step Size See table (Slide #12) 1% (for entire range) Modulation 1 kHz Pulse Mod. 1 kHz AM sine Notable differences Bulk current injection CDN, EM Clamp, then (BCI) method BCI method Playback generated from Playback generated from calibration into 50 ohm cal. into 150 ohm system system Run to playback, allowed Run to playback, limit on to limit on current current

461E Injection Levels *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 68

CS114 Pre-test Calibration *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 70

CS114 Cal Schematic Injection Point 50 ohm (1) 50 ohm Notes 1. Spectrum Analyzer Input 2. Injection level specified as current through 50 ohms. 3. Injection level set as specified current across 50 ohms (S/A), as measured by forward power port of directional coupler. 4. Limit on current (whichever is less stringent).

CS114 Test Setup *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 71

CI Calibration – General Setup Injection Point 100 ohm 100 ohm 50 ohm (1) 50 ohm Notes 1. Spectrum Analyzer Input 2. Injection level specified as U o / 6. 3. Current limit set as U o / 150.

Conducted RF Immunity Test Setup *Ref. IEC 61000-4-6, Edition 3.0, 2008-10, p. 23

Comparison of Injection Levels 100 90 80 Amplitude (dBuA) 70 60 50 40 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Frequency (MHz) 461E - Curve #3 IEC 61000-4-6 for IT

Comparison: CS115 to EFT/B Parameter MIL-STD-461E EN 55024 Test Method CS115 IEC 61000-4-4 Waveform Repetitive Pulse Repetitive Pulse Train Injection Type Inductive Capacitive Test Level 5 Amps (peak) 1 kV (O.C.V) – AC 0.5 kV (O.C.V) – I/O Notable differences BCI injection method Capacitive injection method 30 Hz repetition rate Pulse train Setup similar to CS114

CS115 Test Setup *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 77

CS115 Waveform *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 75

IEC 61000-4-4 Test Setup *Ref. IEC 61000-4-4, 2 nd Edition, 2004-07, p. 45

IEC 61000-4-4 Pulse Train *Ref. IEC 61000-4-4, 2 nd Edition, 2004-07, p. 41

IEC 61000-4-4 Waveform *Ref. IEC 61000-4-4, 2 nd Edition, 2004-07, p. 42

Comparison: CS116 to Surge Parameter MIL-STD-461E EN 55024 Test Method CS116 IEC 61000-4-5 Waveform Damped Sine - Quasi-triangular pulse discrete frequencies from 10 kHz to 100 MHz Injection Type Inductive Capacitive 5 Amps (peak) – AF + 2 kV – AC (CM) Test Level (10 A for Army & Navy) + 1 kV – AC (DM) Notable differences BCI injection method Capacitive injection method 1 pps repetition rate 1 pulse per minute Setup similar to CS114

CS116 Test Setup *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 84

CS116 Waveform *Ref. MIL-STD-461E, 20 August 1999, p. 81