Texas Statewide Migrant & Seasonal Farmworker Study - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Texas Statewide Migrant & Seasonal Farmworker Study ___________________________ Patrick M. Bowen Bowen National Research May 9, 2012

Farmworker Study Objectives • Compile and evaluate housing, economic and demographic data and stakeholder opinions as they relate to farmworker housing issues • Identify barriers to development for farmworker housing • Provide recommendations that address farmworker housing issues

Key farmworker Definitions/Criteria • “ Any person (and the family of such person) who received a substantial portion of his or her income from primary production of agricultural or aquacultural commodities or the handling of agricultural or aquacultural commodities in the unprocessed stage, or the processing of agricultural or aquacultural commodities, without respect to the source of employment .”

Key farmworker Definitions/Criteria • Analysis was limited to counties that contain more than 1,000 “Migrant/Seasonal Farmworkers and Non-Farmworkers as determined from the September 2000 Migrant and Seasonal Farmworker Enumeration Profile Study of Texas • 49 counties met this definition of a rural farmworker county. • This analysis was further limited to TDHCA service regions 1, 11, 12 and Balance of State.

Farmworker Study Counties

Farmworker Study Counties Counties with 1,000+ Farmworkers by TDHCA Region Region 1 High Plains Bailey Collingsworth Hockley Parmer Castro Floyd Lamb Swisher Childress Hale Lynn Terry Cochran Hall Moore Yoakum Region 11 South Texas Border Dimmit Starr Val Verde Zavala Maverick Uvalde Willacy - Region 12 West Texas Dawson Glasscock Martin - Gaines Howard Reeves - Balance of State Comanche Frio Lamar Scurry DeWitt Haskell Mitchell Shelby Duval Hudspeth Nolan Titus Eastland Jim Wells Presidio Wharton Fisher Kleberg Runnels Wilbarger

Farmworker Study - Scope of Work • Survey of 28 farmworker-designated housing projects, 310 Affordable Rental Properties, 2,480 for-sale homes, and 1,300 manufactured homes. • Evaluation of 30 Demographic/Economic Metrics. • Provide 2010 farmworker population estimates • Completion of over 50 stakeholder interviews across all four rural regions in Texas. • Conduct a farmworker housing gap analysis. • Provide recommendations for improving farmworker housing development opportunities in rural Texas.

Farmworker Study – Key Sources • Bowen National Research – Primary research • US Census (1990, 2000 and 2010) • ESRI (2010 and 2015 Demographics) • US Department of Labor Statistics • National Agricultural Workers Survey • MSFW Enumeration Profile (2000) • 2007 Census of Agriculture • Shimberg Center for Housing Studies (UF)

Farmworker Study – Limitations • No current farmworker population estimates (latest 2007) • Varying methodologies exist that attempt to quantify farmworker population • Farmworker data sources from varying times and geographies • Seasonality variations in farm work • Unpredictable variables influence agriculture and farm work needs

Overall Population Trends Rural Texas vs. State • Between 2000-2010, the sum of the rural regions experienced a population increase of 3.2%. • They are projected to increase by 0.2% over the next 5 years, compared to 8.5% for the state of Texas. Overall Population Growth Trends 25% 22.8% 20.6% Sum of Rural Regions 20% State of Texas Percent Growth 15% 8.5% 10% 6.4% 3.2% 5% 0.2% 0% 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015 Year(s)

Overall Household Trends Rural Texas vs. State • Between 2000-2010, the sum of the rural regions experienced a 3.6% overall household growth. • They are projected to increase by 0.2% over the next 5 years, compared to 8.4% for the state of Texas Overall Household Growth Trends 25% 21.8% 20.7% Sum of Rural Regions 20% State of Texas Percent Growth 15% 8.4% 10% 6.2% 3.6% 5% 0.2% 0% 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2015 Year(s)

Households By Age (2010) Rural Texas vs. State • In 2010, 43.3% of the population in the sum of the rural regions studied was above the age of 55, compared to 34.4% for the State of Texas. Households by Age (2010) 25% Percent of Population 21.5% Sum of Rural Regions 19.9% 19.6% 20% 18.2% 17.7% State of Texas 17.0% 16.6% 15.3% 15% 12.9% 12.8% 9.7% 10% 8.1% 6.0% 4.8% 5% 0% <25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+ Age

Households By Age Growth Trends (2010 & 2015) Rural Texas vs. State Households by Age (2010 & 2015) 70,000 60,565 Number of Households 2010 57,040 60,000 52,841 52,802 2015 48,751 46,949 50,000 44,940 44,477 41,933 39,715 37,541 40,000 36,332 30,000 20,000 14,294 13,041 10,000 0 <25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75+

Education Attainment Rural Texas vs. State • 67.2% of the population in the sum of the rural regions had a high school diploma, compared to 75.6% in the State of Texas. Highest Education Attainment Sum of Rural Regions State of Texas 40% 32.8% 30.8% 35% 28.4% Percent of Population 30% 24.8% 24.4% 22.4% 25% 18.9% 17.5% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% No High School Diploma High School Diploma Some College College Degree Education Attained

Share of Hispanic Population by Region Share of Hispanic Population by Region 100% 88.2% 90% 80% Share of Population 70% 60% 50.6% 46.1% 50% 41.1% 37.6% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Region 1 Region 11 Region 12 Balance of State State of Texas Region Region

2010 Median Household Income By Region 2010 Median Household Income by Region $70,000 $59,323 $60,000 $50,000 Median Income $41,250 $42,072 $41,267 $38,765 $40,000 $30,472 $30,000 $20,000 $10,000 $0 Region 1 Region 11 Region 12 Balance of State Sum of Rural State of Texas Region Regions Region

Poverty Rates By Region By Region Poverty Rates by Region 50% 45% 40% Percent of Population 33.2% 35% 30% 23.6% 25% 20.4% 19.9% 18.6% 20% 16.8% 15% 10% 5% 0% Region 1 Region 11 Regions 12 Balance of State Sum of Rural State of Texas Region Regions Region

Total Population 2010

Renter Households 2010

Median Household Income 2010

Farmworker Estimated Methodology • Calculate the number of weeks worked annually within the Crop Production, Aquaculture, and Support for Crop Production employment categories. • Calculate the number of workers in each study area required to work the number of weeks annually as was determined in Step 1. • Total the estimated job workers within the three industry categories studied by study area.

2010 Estimated Farmworkers Region Number Percent Region 1 (High Plains) 11,074 32.1% Region 11 (South Texas Border) 4,861 14.1% Region 12 (West Texas) 4,841 14.0% Balance of State Region 13,744 39.8% Total 34,520 100.0%

Estimated Reported & Unreported Farmworkers (2010) Reported Unreported Total Region Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Region 1 7,054 38.5% 4,020 24.8% 11,074 32.1% (High Plains) Region 11 2,445 13.4% 2,416 14.9% 4,860 14.1% (South Texas Border) Region 12 3,316 18.1% 1,525 9.4% 4,842 14.0% (West Texas) 5,484 30.0% 8,260 50.9% 13,744 39.8% Region Balance

Estimated Migrant & Seasonal Farmworkers (2010) Migrant Seasonal Total Region Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 5,951 5,123 Region 1 29.8% 35.3% 11,074 32.1% (High Plains) (53.7%) (46.3%) 3,577 1,283 Region 11 17.9% 8.8% 4,860 14.1% (South Texas Border) (73.6%) (26.4%) 2,242 2,600 Region 12 11.2% 17.9% 4,842 14.0% (West Texas) (46.3%) (53.7%) 8,221 5,521 Balance of State 41.1% 38.0% 13,742 39.8% Regions (59.8%) (40.2%) 19,991 100.0% 14,527 100.0% 34,520 100.0% Total

Accompanied & Unaccompanied Farmworkers (2010) Migrant Farmworkers Seasonal Farmworkers Region Unaccompanie Accompanied Unaccompanied Accompanied Total d Region 1 3,204 3,266 1,469 3,136 11,074 (High Plains) Region 11 1,406 1,433 645 1,376 4,860 (South Texas Border) Region 12 1,401 1,428 642 1,371 4,842 (West Texas) 3,976 4,053 1,823 3,891 13,744 Region Balance 9,987 10,180 4,579 9,774 34,520 Total (28.9%) (29.5%) (13.3%) (28.3%)

Farmworkers by Annual Income (2010) Regions Less than $10,000 $10,000 - $19,999 $20,000 -$29,999 $30,000 & Higher Total Region 1 2,436 5,205 2,326 1,107 11,074 (High Plains) Region 11 (South Texas 1,069 2,284 1,021 486 4,860 Border) Region 12 1,065 2,276 1,017 484 4,842 (West Texas) 3,024 6,459 2,886 1,375 13,744 Region Balance 7,594 16,224 7,250 3,452 34,520 Total (22.0%) (47.0%) (21.0%) (10.0%)

Employment Growth by Region Employment Growth by Region (2006-2011) 10% 8.6% 9% Percent Growth 8% 6.6% 5.8% 7% 6% 5% 3.8% 3.2% 4% 3% 1.6% 2% 1% 0% Region 1 Region 11 Regions 12 Balance of State Sum of Rural State of Texas Region Regions Region

Unemployment Rates by Region Unemployment Rates by Region 15% 13% Unemployment Rate Region 1 11% Region 11 Region 12 9% Balance of State Region Sum of Regions 7% State of Texas United States 5% 3% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year