Croatia The Republic of Srpska Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia The Federation of B&H The Republic of Srpska Montenegro The Adriatic sea 5 th -7 th December 2011, Milano, Italy
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA INSTED INTRODUCTION – LEGAL BACKGROUND Geothermal energy is mineral resource in accordance with domestic-entity law regulation THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES (Law on Geology, Official Gazzete of the Republic of Srpska 51/04, 75/10), Law on Geology, Official Gazzete of the Federation of B&H 9/10) In accordance with the Dayton peace agreemnet mineral resources are under the jurisdiction of the entities. OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA The Federation of B&H The Republic of Srpska The Government of the Federation of The Government of the Bosnia and Herzegovina Republic of Srpska The Ministry of indutry, energy and The Ministry of indutry, energy and mining mining The Republic Survey for geological The Survey for geological researches researches of the Republic of Srpska of the FB&H Comission for concession of the Comission for concession of the FB&H Republic of Srpska 2
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA GOLOGICAL OVERVIEW THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA 3
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA GEOTHERMAL BACKGROUND THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Geothermal explorations in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been initiated after World War II and till the date focused just on hydrothermal potentials. Potentials are characterized by their irregular distribution, concentration, specific locations, conditions and the possibilities of use. -conductive geothermal gradients G=28,2 - 49,6°C/km and -conductive heat flow values q = 60 – 88,7 mW/m 2 and -maximal convective values G=66,6°C/km and q=134,9 mW/m 2 (after Miošić, Proceeding of WGC 2010, B&H County Update) Significant elements suggesting geothermal potential indications are: -crustal and lineament faults, deep old -regional and repeatedly reactivated faults, existence of large overthrusts, -thinning of the epidermal part of the earthcrust and -- less distance from surface to the Mohorovičić discontinuity in the Pannonian basin to 25 km and increasing to the south to ca 45 km. D istance from surface to the Mohorovičić Discontinuity (after Skoko, 1987): 4 -lower in the Pannonian basin to 25 km and -increasing to the south to cca 45 km (External Dinarides)
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA The largest positive geothermal anomalies are in the Pannonian Basin (Active continental margin) THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES The temperatures measured in active continental margin vary from (after Miošić 2010): -39-62°C at 1000 m, -78-101°C at 2000 m, OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA -111-147°C at 3000 m and -176-209°C at 5000 m below surface Deep seismic cross- section thrue B&H (after Dragašević) Significantly lower values of gradients and heat flows are in the Dinaric carbonate platform 10- 20°C/km and 20-50 mW/m 2 . The extreme lower temperature values (25- 38°C at 1000 m) are supposed in the Dinaric carbonate platform (on the basis of only one drill hole in Bosnia and Herzegovina and ten drill holes in adjacent areas of Croatia 5 and Montenegro (figure left).
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA ACTIV GEOTHERMAL FIELDS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Low enthalpy geothermal resources are utilized in the territory of the Republic of Srpska and high temperature (>100°C) geothermal systems with and without waters were proved in the Mesozoic masses, overlain by the Tertiary sediments, of the artesian basins in the northern part of the Republic of Srpska (the part of the Pannonian basin). High temperatures geothermal systems The Republic are still not in use. of Srpska Bosnia and Herzegovina CURRENTLY : 9 low enthalpy systems in the territory of the Republic of Srpska The Republic - 8 systems within the Central ophyolitic zone The Federation of B&H of Srpska (the zone of the Inner Dinarides) - many springs, T mostly 20-30°C - 16 boreholes in use, T 30-44°C - 1 system within the ample artesian basins (southern edge of the Pannonian Basin) - closed system -2 boreholes in use, T 73-75°C -In some localities (e.g. In the zone of Bijeljina city expected T>110°C) For the territory of the Republic of Srpska: Currently production per borehole is from 0.35 to 9.5 MW th , total borehole production is cca 45 MW th + cca 3 MW th in spring, calcuation for T ref =20° C (Jolović, 2011). USE : Kakmuž, Republic of Srpska, -spa, recreation, space heating, in one case 6 Well TGP-2, T=38°C, 2008 extraction of CO 2 and other technical gases:
GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALITY OF THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA Important zones with possibilty of the electric production from geothermal resources in the Republic of Srpska THE REPUBLIC SURVEY FOR GEOLOGICAL RESARCHES 1. Proved closed systems in the area of Pannonian basin (the area “Semberija” and “Posavina”) with possibility of electricity production within the Triassic hydrothermal systems OF THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - Area “Semberija” (limestones of middle and upper Triassic age, start from 1500 m beneath surface, unknown tickness); - Area “Posavina” (limestones of upper Triassic age proved in the teritory of The Federation of B&H, start from 1150 m, unknown tickness, in the territory of the Republic of Srpska just supposed-not defined in adjacent deep (oil) borehole OB-1 and BR-1). Other defined geothermal zones are with such energetic levels which cannot be proposed for safe productive drilling in the present degree of exploration and knowledge of deep hydrogeothermal systems. 2. Hydrothermal potentials in the Ophiolitic zone, not yet enought researched, available data indicate theT 60-80 °C in primary aquifer. 3. Other interesting area, especially the zone of the (younger) Tertiary magmatism. 7
PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “SEMBERIJA” Approximately area 200 km 2 / 6 boreholes Temperat ure on Year of Depth Yeld No Borehole name borehole driling (m) (l/s) mouth ( ° C) 7.5 01 S-1 1345 75 (artesian level) Between 02 S-2 1591 No data - 1957-1962 03 S-3 (SV-1) 1746 No data - Without pumping test (reason: 04 Bij-1 1983-1984 2479 - trpped equipement) 05 DV-1 1988-1989 1500 Nije testirana 75 06 GD-2 2010 1800 44 (by pump) 73 Geothermal field Semberija 8
PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “SEMBERIJA” Low enthalpy geothermal resources are utilized in B&H and high temperature (>100°C) geothermal systems with and without waters were proved in the Mesozoic masses, overlain by the Tertiary sediments, of the artesian basins of the northern Bosnia (the part of the Pannonian basin); these resources are still not in use. Temperature on Depth Thermal aquifers registered in: No Borehole name borehole mouth (m) ( ° C) - the Miocene sediments (weak, S-1 and DV-1)) and Limestone sequence of the Creataceous flysch formation (moderate, S-1, 7 l/s, 75 ° C) – minor enthalpy 01 S-1 1345 75 -the Middle and the Upper Triasic limestone (most important, DV-1, GD-2, BIJ-1) – main geothermal reservoirs 05 DV-1 1500 75 Temperature lower than expected, very low 06 GD-2 1800 73 mineralisation, very high well yield New Usable T P kWh/year T equ. T equ. Т exp ( ⁰ C) T ref ( ° C) TJ/year borehole ( ° C) (MW th ) (x10 6 ) of coal of oil *NB-1** 119 20 99 10,35 326 91 11.200 7700 *-near location of trapped Bij-1 9 **-supposed depth of the borehole cca 2500 m
PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “SEMBERIJA” I Current geothermal projects 1 District heating of Bijeljina Project Multipurpose use of thermal water 2 in the “Slobomir” Project 3 2 Project based on drilling of 5 boreholes (every 1 1 borehole cca 2500 m) (Danish Investors) Project based on drilling 6 boreholes (the first 2 1.800 m sucessifuly complete in 2010) (privete domestic Investor) II Other interesting projects Continue of oil researches stopped before 1992, 3 Russian oil company “Зарубежњефт”, in the first stage there are projected seismic researches and also borehole DV-1 and S-3 (also named SV-1) deepen Borehole (depth in m) Well screen or “open hole” 10
PANNONIAN BASIN – THE REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA - GEOTHERMAL FILED “POSAVINA” 1. DO-1 1245 m Triassic aquifer 2. BR-1 2740 m Creataceous sed. cca 3850 m Triassic sed 3. OB-1 up to 2805 m Paleogene deeper Creataceous Distance: DO-1 - BR-1 5 km DO-1 - OB-1 9 km Domaljevac Do-1; Q=20 l/s, t=96°C, 1245 m, Triassic aquifer. Artesian basins of lower potentiality without proved the Cretaceous and DO-1 the Triassic aquifers occur west of Domaljevac. 11
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