3D Printing An Innovative Technology for Medicine Ing. Stefania Marconi, PhD Dept. of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Pavia
3D4MED: the Lab 3D4MED is the first Clinical 3D Printing Lab in Italy and one of the first worldwide. It is located at the DEA building of IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo of Pavia and it has a strategic position to improve its visibility (to disseminate the new proposed service) and centrality (to facilitate the collaboration between surgeons and engineers). 3D4MED Lab DEA Building 0 floor – tower B
3D4MED: the Lab 3D4MED is equipped with all the hardware and software necessary to perform the entire process , from medical images elaboration to the production of the 3D printed model. We are equipped with: ➢ Image elaboration and segmentation software; ➢ Software for virtual models ’ manipulation; ➢ 3D printers management software; ➢ Professional 3D printers; ➢ Post-processing instrumentation.
3D4MED: the Idea A new technology for an effective and customized surgery! We transform medical images (CT & MRI) into a 3D printed object to hold in your hands!
3D4MED: How? Thanks to innovative 3D printing technologies, we produce three-dimentional replicas of each patient’s unique anatomy , showing all the surgical relevant structures accurately. Virtual Model Slicing 3D Printed Model
3D4MED: the Lab The Lab is equipped with different 3D printing technologies : ObJet 260 Connex 3 ➢ PolyJet printer with photopolymer resins ; ➢ Different colors & materials ( deformable and transparent ); ➢ Big/small models with fine details (20 μm ); ➢ 3D printed models of the abdominal cavity ; 3DSystems ProJet 460 Plus ➢ Binder jetting technology; ➢ High precision (100 μm ) and low production times and costs; ➢ 2.8 milion colors ; ➢ Big/small models with fine details, especially bone structures ; FORM 2 Desktop SLA ➢ Printer with photopolymer resins ; ➢ High precision (100/50/25 μm ); ➢ 4 different transparent materials (1 deformable ); Medium/small ( vascular ) models with fine details; ➢
Available 3D Printers 3NTR A4v3 ➢ Professional FDM printer ; ➢ Triple bowden extruder (water cooled extruders up to 410 ° C); ➢ Hot chamber (up to 70 ° C); 3NTR A4v2 ➢ Professional FDM printer ; ➢ Dual bowden extruder (water cooled extruders up to 410 ° C); LeapFrog Creatr HS ➢ FDM printer ; ➢ Dual bowden extruder; ➢ Suitable for relatively high speeds printing of large objects; LeapFrog Creatr Dual Extruder ➢ FDM printer ; ➢ Dual direct extruder; ➢ Suitable for low modulus filaments printing;
Available 3D Printers Renishaw AM 400 ➢ SLM metal 3D printer; ➢ Flexible AM for professional use in a wide range of metals ; ➢ 400W optical system with a reduced beam diameter of 70 μm ; ➢ Available metal powders: Titanium, Aluminium, Cobalt chromium, Stainless steel, Nickel alloys. Instrumentation for post-processing treatments : ➢ Heat treatments oven; ➢ Sandblasting machine; ➢ Machining center for finishing and removal.
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed ORGAN MODELS 3D Printed IMPLANTS BIOPRINTING 3D Printed DRUGS
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed Patient - Specific ORGAN MODELS Applications : Surgical Planning Surgical Simulation Intra-Operative Guide Anatomical Comprehension Medical Training Informed Consent
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed Patient - Specific ORGAN MODELS Available Materials & Technologies : Photopolymer Resins Chalk Powder Thermoplastic Polymers ➢ Binder Jetting ➢ Material Jetting ➢ Fused Deposition ➢ Stereolithography Modeling (FDM)
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed Patient – Specific IMPLANT & PROSTHESIS Applications : Permanent Implants Orthopedic Braces Prosthesis & Orthosis Dental Implants Artificial Joints Maxillo - Facial Plates
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed Patient - Specific IMPLANT & PROSTHESIS Available Materials & Technologies : Metals Ceramic Materials Thermoplastic Polymers ➢ SLS ➢ SLM ➢ Fused Deposition ➢ Material Jetting ➢ SLS Modeling (FDM)
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed Parts for REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Applications : Biodegradable Scaffolds BioPrinting Tissue Engineering Available Materials & Technologies: ➢ Biocompatible ThermoPolymers (i.e. PCL, ➢ Commercial Bioplotter ➢ Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) PLA, PVA … ) ➢ Natural Biomaterials (i.e. Chitosan, Collagen, Fibrin …) ➢ Natural Hydrogel (i.e. Alginate, Gelatine …)
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed DRUGS Applications : Customized Drugs PolyPills On-Demand Production Advantages : Available Technologies: ➢ Increased complexity of drugs ➢ Stereolithography (SLA) ➢ Customization based on patient’s mass and ➢ Extrusion Systems & Fused Deposition metabolism Modeling (FDM) ➢ Polypill production: tablet containing more ➢ Binder Jetting & Binder Deposition active pharmaceutical ingredients simultaneously
3D Printing Applications in Medicine 3D Printed ORGAN MODELS 3D Printed IMPLANTS BIOPRINTING 3D Printed DRUGS
3D4MED: Specialties
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Thoracic Surgery Pulmonary Pathology Treatment The 3D printed patient-specific model represents the cardio-pulmonary tract affected by a pulmonary pathology. The model has been useful for the pre- operative planning of the pulmonary pathology treatment and the evaluation of the systemic arteries involvement .
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Thoracic Surgery Pulmonary arteries Supra – Aortic Pulmonary Pathology Aortic Arch The 3D printed patient-specific model represents the cardio-pulmonary and supra- aortic tracts affected by a pulmonary pathology . Pulmonary veins Pathology Systemic arteries The model has been useful for the pre- operative planning of the pulmonary pathology treatment and the evaluation of the systemic arteries involvement.
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Thoracic Surgery Supra – Mammary Pathology Treatment The 3D printed patient-specific model represents the supra-mammary anatomical district affected by an extended pulmonary pathology . The green part represents the pulmonary pathology, extended even outside the rib cage . The model has been useful for the pre- operative planning of the pulmonary pathology treatment and the evaluation of the systemic arteries involvement
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Thoracic Surgery Pericardic Inflammation Evaluation The model has been used to properly plan the surgical treatment of a pericardic inflammation due to the damage of metallic staples previously implanted in the sternum.
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Thoracic Surgery Severe Pulmonary Pathology The 3D printed patient-specific model represents the thoracic anatomical district affected by an extended neoplasm pathology . The green part represents the pulmonary pathology, extended even outside the rib cage . The model has been useful for the pre- operative planning of the pulmonary pathology treatment and the evaluation of the systemic arteries involvement
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Abdominal Surgery Kidney tumor resection : robotic resection Models for spleen laparoscopic resection planned on the 3D printed model. and splenic artery aneurysm esclusion. Deformable materials used to simulate the surgery Interlocking parts , to assess tumor relation with surrounding structures.
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Abdominal Surgery Phantom for the surgical simulation of living-donor kidney transplantation procedure • Arterial system; • Venous system; • Pelvic bones; • Bladder; • Ureters; • Psoas and iliac muscles; • Abdominal muscles; • Skin; Patient-specific parts (arteries, veins and bladder) to be change for the simulation of the specific clinical case
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Cardio-Vascular Surgery 3D Virtual Model 3D Printed Model Left heart cavity reconstruction. The model has been used to plan surgical access from pulmonary arteries to the point of interest. Placement of aortic endoprosthesis 3D printed models influence the choice of the type and geometry of the most suitable endoprosthesis for the particular clinical case.
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Cardio-Vascular Surgery Pulmonary arteries The model has been used to plan surgical access from pulmonary arteries to the point of interest. Cardiology Left Atrial Appendage Closure The model has been useful to properly plan and simulate trans- catheter closure feasibility .
3D4MED: Clinical Cases Orthopedics Spine Interlocking vertebra Tumor visibility Interlocking parts (vertebra) , to assess tumor visibility and Reconstruction of spine, vessels and spine tumor . its relation with surrounding structures. Pre - operative evaluation of 3D models of traumatic injuries are required with considerable foot fracture . urgency; we are able to produce them within 12 hours.
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