Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering 2016 CESTiCC Summer Workshop Impacts of a Pervious Concrete System on Neighboring Clay Soils in Warm-Dry Months Presented by: Mina Yekkalar Summer 2016
Contents An Introduction The goal of the Study Materials and Methods -Installation -Analysis Methods Results -Graphical Analysis -Statistical Analysis: Available for further discussion Analysis and Discussion Conclusion Future Goals References
Applications of Underground Retention Permeable Pavements An Introduction Pervious concrete can be used for many applications including: The goal of the Study - Parking lots, Materials and Methods -Installation - sidewalks, -Analysis Methods - low volume roads, and Results - there is interest in using pervious concrete systems on roadway shoulders to control the roadway runoff. Analysis and Discussion -Graphical Analysis -Statistical Analysis Conclusion Future Goals References Source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5v9btvX2H0
Benefits of Underground Retention Permeable Pavements An Introduction The goal of the Study These pavements offer many benefits with respect to stormwater management such as: Materials and Methods -Installation -Analysis Methods - Groundwater recharging, Results - Waterway pollution prevention, Analysis and Discussion -Graphical Analysis - Lessening the peak flow as well as flooding risk -Statistical Analysis Conclusion - Eliminating/lessening the need for stormwater management facilities/land as an alternative to retention pond Future Goals - Recycling the rainwater for non-potable water supplies such as irrigation References
Structure of Underground Retention Permeable Pavements as Highway Shoulders An Introduction A below pavement water storage system is typically comprised of: The goal of the Study 1) a pervious concrete as its surface layer to let water infiltrate into the storage bed to either detain, or retain within the storage bed, or discharge into a stormwater system via underdrains, Materials and Methods -Installation 2) an open graded aggregate base layer which is deep enough to provide additional structural support, -Analysis Methods space for water storage, and also to decrease the risk of freezing of the water layer in cold climate . Results Analysis and Discussion -Graphical Analysis -Statistical Analysis Traditional Pavement as mainline Permeable Pavement Shoulder Conclusion Future Goals Natural Soil References Open Graded Aggregate Bed Compacted Soil Source of photo: http://www.ephenryecocenter.com
Underground Retention Permeable Pavements as Highway Shoulders under Dry-Warm Condition An Introduction The fluctuations in thermal related properties of the different layers under a neighboring The goal of the Study pavement system which might have negative results in service quality and durability of a road Materials and Methods by the impacts of: -Installation -Analysis Methods Results 1) the diurnal temperature variations on the top neighboring soil layer Analysis and Discussion -Graphical Analysis 2) the seasonal temperature variations on the deeper soil layers -Statistical Analysis Conclusion Future Goals References
Literature Review: The impact of temperature on soil properties An Introduction The impact of temperature on soil properties: The goal of the Study Materials and Methods The lubricant effects play a determining role in the properties of soils without bearing skeletons such as -Installation clayey soil whose high surface area makes it sensitive to temperature and moisture changes. -Analysis Methods Results A rise in temperature can lead to a decrease in the internal friction of the liquid phase resulting in an increase in pore-water pressure and evaporation rate. Analysis and Discussion -Graphical Analysis At constant total water content of the soil that occurs in dry seasons, an increase in temperature leads to -Statistical Analysis an decrease in the strength of soil structure due to a drop in the interaction between soil elements. Conclusion The mentioned mechanisms can be more complex under high temperatures leading to dispersion or Future Goals flocculation effects on the soil structure. References
Literature Review: Thermal Behaviour of Pervious Concrete in Dry-Warm Weather An Introduction Thermal Behaviour of Pervious Concrete in Dry-Warm Weather: The goal of the Study Materials and Methods -Installation In direct sunlight, the top surface of pervious concrete is hotter than traditional concrete. -Analysis Methods Results In spite of the higher surface temperature in pervious concrete than the surrounding ambient temperature Analysis and Discussion during sunlight hours, the overall heat stored in the pervious concrete system is equal to or cooler than a -Graphical Analysis neighboring conventional concrete pavement system. -Statistical Analysis Conclusion The porous pavement group had a higher average gradient than the conventional pavement group Future Goals indicating that porous pavements released the stored energy in them faster than the conventional pavements. References
Research Gaps in Literature Reviews An Introduction This study (funded by the Washington State Department of Ecology and the USDOT University The goal of the Study Transportation Center; The Center for Environmentally Sustainable Transportation in Cold Climates |CESTiCC) focuses on: Materials and Methods -Installation -Analysis Methods Issues related to belowground storage pavements as shoulders to provide better understanding applicable to the design considerations in dry-warm climate Results Analysis and Discussion -Graphical Analysis Enhancement of soil temperature predictions of the roadway designs from the viewpoint of -Statistical Analysis thermal regime fluctuations of base soils which then might affect the pavement more than the axle load in a summer thermal regime. Conclusion Future Goals References
Soil Water and Temperature Sensor Installation Method: To achieve the objectives of the study, several soil moisture and temperature sensors are An Introduction installed in slow draining soils next to a retention system located in a pervious concrete sidewalk on the Pullman Campus of Washington State University (with clayey soil) with no underdrains The goal of the Study Materials and Methods Data logger -Installation Zone C Zone B N M.S.C2 -Analysis Methods M.S.B2 Zone A M.S.C1 M.S.B1 M.S.A2 Results OW 2 M.S.A1 Existing Dam Traditional Concrete OW 1 Existing Analysis and Discussion Traditional Concrete -Graphical Analysis New Pervious Concrete -Statistical Analysis OW: Observation Well MS: Moisture Sensor Array Sensor depths Zones A, B and C at Community Hall (four sensors circled found to be non-operational) Conclusion Sensor (MS) plan Zones A, B and C at Community Hall Future Goals First set of GPR targets Second set of GPR targets N References 6 in 6 in 2 ft 6 in 3 ft 5 ft 3 ft 8 ft 6 in 3 ft 3 ft Profile of aggregate storage bed at Community Hall
Methods of Analysis Graphical Analysis: An Introduction Graphical study on June, July, and August which are considered as warm-dry conditions in eastern Washington with very high ambient temperatures and negligible precipitation (any changes in soil water content is a result of irrigation The goal of the Study or artificial flooding, evaporation, and water transport) Materials and Methods Detailed graphical study on a time frame from June 1 to July 7 (with longer days) called the heating period -Installation -Analysis Methods Detailed graphical study on a time frame from July 7 to August 31 (with short days) called the cooling period. Results Analysis and Discussion -Graphical Analysis Statistical Analysis for Statistical Validation of the Observations (Available for further discussion): -Statistical Analysis Statistically evaluations on the relative differences (the values of average and standard deviations of the Conclusion temperatures at the middle depth are within the precision of the sensors) in maximum and the minimum temperatures from the first day of each period on a daily basis in the heating and cooling periods by pre-programmed spreadsheets Future Goals Comparing the readings for the sensors of the same depth between the near and the far rows by one-tailed F-Tests to References figure out the applicable type of T-Test (T-Tests either with equal variance or unequal variance) Conducting a series of one-tailed on different paired sensors to figure out if there is a statistical difference between the sensors closer to the pervious concrete sidewalk as compared to the ones farther away at the same depth and in the same zone
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