5/15/16 * Succulents in San Diego Botanic Garden Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 1 * Water Thrifty * Water Wise * Low Water * Drought Resistant * Xeriscape – not Zeroscape * 2 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 * Reduce water * Improve Soil * Limit T urf * Use Appropriate Plants * Mulch * Irrigate * Maintenance * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 3 1
5/15/16 * Reduce water * Improve Soil * Limit T urf * Use Appropriate Plants * Mulch * Irrigate * Maintenance * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 4 * Water Conservation * Reduce Water Bills * Decrease Garden Maintenance * Increase Habitat for Wildlife * Increase Visual Appeal * 5 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 * Physical Removal * Herbicide – Round Up * Solarization * Sheet Composting * Lasagna Gardening * http://ucanr.edu/sites/scmg/Lawn_Replaceme nt/Grass_Removal_Methods/ * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 6 2
5/15/16 * Background * Culture * Adaptation * Use * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 7 KINGDOM ---PLANT AE DIVISION --- ANGIOSPERMS CLASS --- EUDICOTS ORDER --- MALPIGHIALES FAMILY -- 30 SUCCULENT families GENUS --- 185+ SPECIES ---1222+ SUBSPECIES ---460 VARIETIES--- 1000’s CULTIVERS ?????? http://www.succulentguide.com 8 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 * Old World Succulents * So. Africa, T ropical Africa, Madagascar , Canary Islands, etc. * Euphorbias, Aloes, Crassulas * New World Succulents * Mexico, North and South America * Agaves, Crassulas, Cactus * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 9 3
5/15/16 * Definition: A plant with the ability to store water * Water loss minimized by absent, reduced or cylindrical to spherical leaves * Fewer stomata...the breathing organs on the underside of the leaves that open only at night * Ribs to give more surface space * Waxy , hairy or spiny surface to reduce air movement * Gray , dull color to reflect the sun * Shaped to direct water to roots, and surface roots to grab water * Thick skin * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 10 * Stem Succulents * Stem is enlarged to contain the water-storing tissues * Stem is predominant feature * May have non-succulent leaves, deciduous leaves or no leaves * May also have tuberous root - caudex * Stems and leaves contain chlorophyll * 11 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 * Leaf Succulents * T ypically small or no stems and enlarged leaves which store water * Many shaped like rosettes or single pairs of leaves with no stem * No spines but may have sharp terminal point * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 12 4
5/15/16 * Family: Agavaceae * Rosette shaped * 6” to 15’ across * Leaves are generally fibrous, stiff * Some have beautiful leaf imprints * Marginal teeth * Most are monocarpic, dying after sending out a tall flower spike * Flower spike may have thousands of tiny flowers * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 13 AGAVE PLANTS A. victoriae reginae A. ‘Blue Glow” A. attenuata A. filifera * 14 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 A. Americana marginata A. shawii A. tequiliana * Family: Asphodelaceae * Range in size from 1” to 30’ * 700+ species * Rosette shape common but leaves grow from the center rather than unfurl * Leaves are soft, non fibrous * Annual orange or yellow flowers – not monocarpic * Flower spike with tubular blooms, long lasting and showy * Rolls Royce of healing plants * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 15 5
5/15/16 ALOE PLANTS A. cameronii A. polyphylla A striata A. nobilis A. aristata A. arborescens Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 16 A. vera * Family: Euphorbiaceae * Diverse plant appearance but flowers alike * Some insignificant flowers and showy bracts * All plant parts contain milky latex which may be simply allergenic or may be a virulent poison * African euphorbias resemble American cactus * 17 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 EUPHORBIA PLANTS E. continifolia E. flananganii E. characias E. trigona E. pulcherimma E. tirucalli E. ingins Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 E. milii E. genoudia E. obesa 6
5/15/16 EUPHORBIA FLOWERS * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 19 * 20 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 * Succulents are not a genus or species but just a common name for plants with juicy stems, roots and/or leaves * Cacti can be distinguished from other succul ent plants by the presence of small cushion-like structures (areoles) from which, in almost all species, spines arise, as do flowers, branches, and leaves (when present). Merriam Webster Dictionary * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 21 7
5/15/16 * Family: Cactaceae * 100+ genera and 1500+ species * Characterized by areoles, small spot like cushions or budding organs * 3, 5, 10, or tens of cactus spines arise from each areole * Usually no leaves * Beautiful flowers * Spines provide protection from predators * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 22 CACTUS * 23 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 Ferrocactus cylindraceus. * Family: Crassulaceae * 33-37 Genera, 5400+ species (differing data) * Fleshy leaves typically arranged in rosettes or in symmetrical opposite pairs * Nectar flowers * V aried range of leaf shapes, size and textures * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 24 8
5/15/16 CRASSULA PLANTS -- AEONIUMS A. Arboreum ‘Purple Rose’ A. ‘Blushing Beauty’ A. arboreum A. glandulosum A. tabuliforme A. ‘Zwartkop’ A. ‘Cabernet’ A. kiwi Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 25 A. ‘Starburst’ A. ‘Cyclops’ A. kiwi A. haworthii CRASSULA PLANTS - ECHEVERIAS E. ‘Doris T aylor’ E. ‘Curlylocks’ E. ‘Black Prince’ E. ‘T opsy T urvy’ E. Agavoides ‘Lipstick’ 26 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 E. ‘T eardrop’ E. Imbricata CRASSULA PLANTS - OTHERS * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 27 9
5/15/16 * Different plants have similar form or behavior despite being from different areas * No explanation for the similarity that doesn’t come from a common ancestor * Adapt to the similar environment * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 28 Ocotillo From Baja and SW USA ← Alluaudia from Madagasgar → * 29 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 BEFORE ← * Photos courtesy of Laura Eubanks AFTER ← Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 30 10
5/15/16 BEFORE ← AFTER → Photos courtesy of Laura Eubanks * Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 31 * T allest plants in the rear * Shortest plants in the front * Sun/shade/wind/north or south, east or west * Scale sizes to the property * Remember that some grow BIG, others stay small * Use boulders, rocks and gravel to enhance the theme * Don’t replace a flat lawn with flat plants. Use mounds, hills or art to provide visual level changes * Super easy to propagate * 32 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 PROPAGATING STEMS A: Pinching out: creates growth for multiple cuttings or multi-headed plant. It forces side stems. Throw the top away . B: Optimal for creating a new plant from the top part and forcing new shoots from the stem. C: Deadheading: the top will root easily and the stem most likely won’t. D: Creates a longer stem but takes much longer to establish roots. Stem will likely wither E: Cutting here makes the head work harder to get established. Lower stem will likely die. Courtesy of Leslie Crawford Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 33 11
5/15/16 PROPAGATING LEAF SUCCULENTS Cut off a piece of the succulent just above a leaf on the stem Place the leaves on top of fairly dry soil. Spray with water occasionally . In 5-7 weeks they should be ready to plant. Cover the roots with some soil and be patient. Not all leaves will thrive Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 34 * 35 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 * BLUE Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 36 12
5/15/16 * RED Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 37 * SILVER/GRAY 38 Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 * GREEN Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 39 13
5/15/16 * * Time to tour San Diego B otanic Gard en Linda S tewart Master Gardener Class #16 40 14
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