The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser XFEL High Power RF System Recent Developments p Stefan Choroba, DESY for the XFEL RF Group Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Outline Outline • XFEL RF System Requirements • Overview Basic Layout y • RF System Main Components – Multibeam Klystrons Multibeam Klystrons – Modulator – RF Waveguide Distribution RF Waveguide Distribution – RF Interlock – Preamplifier – Preamplifier Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 2
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser RF System Requirements RF System Requirements Number of sc cavities: 928 total Power per cavity: 122 kW Gradient at 20GeV: 23.6 MV/m Power per 32 cavities p (4 cryo modules): 3.9MW 5.2MW Power per RF station: (including 10% losses in waveguides and circulators a eg ides and circ lators and a regulation reserve of 15%) 29 (26 active) Number of RF stations: Number of RF stations for 2 (5) injectors: Macro beam pulse duration: Macro beam pulse duration: 600 µ s 600 µ s 1.38ms RF pulse duration: 10Hz (30Hz) Repetition rate: 72kW (150kW) Average RF power per station: Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 3
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser RF System Requiremets RF System Requiremets Overview Layout of the RF Station y Accelerator Tunnel Accelerator Tunnel Modulator Modulator Hall Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 4
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser RF System Requirements RF System Requirements Layout of the RF Station in the Accelerator Tunnel •Tunnel components (klystrons, pulse transformers, aux. power supplies etc.) will be installed under the cryo module. ill b i t ll d d th d l •The waveguide distribution will be installed on the side of the cryo module. •These components are not accessible during accelerator operation •These components are not accessible during accelerator operation. Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 5
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser RF System Requirements RF System Requirements Layout of the RF Station in the Modulator Hall •The modulators will be installed in the modulator hall. 7x5 modulators in one hall. •Maintenance and repair is possible during accelerator operation . M i t d i i ibl d i l t ti Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 6
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Multibeam Klystrons Multibeam Klystrons DESY asked 3 klystron vendors to develop MBK y p THALES TH1801 CPI VKL8301 TOSHIBA E3736 Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 7
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser THALES TH1801 THALES TH1801 Operation Frequency: 1.3GHz Cathode Voltage: < 120 kV Beam Current: Beam Current: < 140 A < 140 A Max. RF Peak Power: 10MW RF Pulse Duration: 1.5ms Repetition Rate: 10Hz RF Average Power: 150kW Efficiency: c e cy 65% 65% Solenoid Power: < 5.5kW Length: 2.5m Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 8
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Status of the THALES TH1801 Status of the THALES TH1801 •prototype: 20 000 hours operation since May 2000 stored at DESY •prototype: 20,000 hours operation since May 2000, stored at DESY • series tube #003 in operation at FLASH since March 2006 (total operation time: ca: 6500+2100h) • #001 was in operation at PITZ in Zeuthen till November 2006 now in • #001 was in operation at PITZ in Zeuthen till November 2006, now in operation at the klystron test stand in Hamburg • #002 under reconstruction at Thales • #004 fully tested at klystron test stand in Hamburg (250 hours) now • #004 fully tested at klystron test stand in Hamburg (250 hours), now in operation at PITZ, Zeuthen • #005 new tube with modification in test TH1801-SN5 500µs RF 1300 MHz- 578µs 27 Hz 118kV-142A HV at Thales at Thales 11 10 9 8 Summary: all tubes which are 7 (MW) 6 5 5 Ps now in operation do not show signs 4 3 of degradation (no arcing, no 2 1 0 perveance drops) perveance drops) 0 0 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50 60 60 70 70 80 80 90 90 100 110 100 110 120 130 120 130 140 150 140 150 160 160 Pd (W) Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 9
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Multi Beam Klystron CPI VKL 8301 Multi Beam Klystron CPI VKL-8301 Design Features: •6 beams •HOM input and output cavity •Cathode loading: <2.5A/cm 2 lifetime prediction: >100000h Status: Status: Data taken at the klystron test stand at DESY • 9 MW at 300 µ s and 10Hz • 9 MW at 300 µ s and 10Hz • 8.1 MW at 1.3 ms and 10Hz 55 50 50 ) Efficiency (% 45 40 35 30 2 4 6 8 Pout (MW) Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 10
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser The TOSHIBA E3736 MBK The TOSHIBA E3736 MBK Design Features: •6 beams •Ring shaped cavities •Cathode loading: <2.1 A/cm 2 2 Status: June 8 - October 12, 2006 , • 10.4 MW, 1500 µ s, 10 Hz, 116.1 kV, h ~ 66% • 750h at full power at present stored 750h at full power, at present stored at DESY Toshiba MBK, June 2006 Toshiba MBK (saturation mode) U =115,8kV, I = 134A, Trf = 1500 µ S 11 10 10 W) 9 9 Output power (M 8 8 Pout (MW) 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 80 80 85 85 90 90 95 95 100 100 105 105 110 110 115 115 0 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Beam Voltage (kV) Pin (W) Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 11
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Status of the vertical MBK development Status of the vertical MBK development • 6 THALES TH1801 have been built (10MW, 1.5ms, 10H 10Hz, 63% for #3), 1 is in test at THALES 63% for #3) 1 is in test at THALES klystrons in use at FLASH, PITZ, MBK test stand, several thousends of operation hours under different several thousends of operation hours under different conditions, now stable operation • 1 TOSHIBA E3736 at DESY (10 4MW 1 5ms 10Hz 1 TOSHIBA E3736 at DESY (10.4MW, 1.5ms, 10Hz, 66%), 750h operation hours • 1 CPI VKL8301 at DESY (8.1MW, 1.3ms, 10Hz, 53%) 1 CPI VKL8301 at DESY (8.1MW, 1.3ms, 10Hz, 53%) Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 12
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Horizontal MBK prototypes Horizontal MBK prototypes 2900 D 600 75 0 Horizontal klystron, side view 1200 Top view •Horizontal versions of MBKs by all 3 vendors H i t l i f MBK b ll 3 d (THALES, CPI, TOSHIBA) are under construction •First klystron is expected in second half of 2007 •First klystron is expected in second half of 2007 Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 13
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Modulator Modulator Modulator Requirements Modulator Requirements •Modulators must generate HV pulses up to 120kV and 140A, 1.57ms pulse length and 10Hz (30Hz) repetition rate •The top of the pulse must be flat within 1% •The bouncer type modulator with its simple circuit diagram was yp p g chosen L1 L1 10 kV 10 kV S1 S1 CHARGING CHARGING CHARGING 3 H 3 H Klystron Klystron + + 70 kJ 70 kJ 1400 µF 1400 µF 100 µF 100 µF 80 Ω 80 Ω 1.4 ms 1.4 ms 1.4 ms MOV MOV U C1 U C1 U C1 1:12 Pulse Transformer 1:12 Pulse Transformer 19% 19% 19% C2 C2 L2 L2 U C2 U C2 U C2 + + 2 mF 2 mF 330 µH 330 µH Δ U tot ≤ 1% Δ U tot ≤ 1% Δ U tot ≤ 1% t t t Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 14
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Modulator Modulator •3 bouncer modulators have been developed, built and delivered to TTF by FNAL since 1994 •They are continuosly in operation under different operation conditions different operation conditions •Industry made subunits (PPT, ABB, FUG, Poynting) •Constant power power supply for suppression of •Constant power power supply for suppression of 10Hz repetition rate disturbances in the mains •Compact storage capacitor bank with self healing capacitors capacitors •IGCT Stack (ABB); 7 IGCTs in series, 2 are redundant •Low leakage inductance pulse transformer (ABB) Low leakage inductance pulse transformer (ABB) L<200 µ H resulting in shorter HV pulse rise time of <200 µ s •Light Triggered Thyristor crowbar avoiding g gg y g mercury of ignitrons Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 15
The European XFEL X-Ray Laser Project X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Modulator for Pulse Cable Tests Modulator for Pulse Cable Tests Bouncer at high potential Modulator in hall 2 Low leakage inductance circuit Stefan Choroba, DESY ILC 2007, May 31, 2007 16
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