Wood anatomy - the role of macroscopic and microscopic wood - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Wood anatomy - the role of macroscopic and microscopic wood identification against illegal logging PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Thünen Institute of Wood Research Hardwood Conference Sopron_2018 Name des Wissenschaftlers

European Timber Regulation - EUTR Obligations and scope Regulation (EU) No 995/2010 of the European Parliament: ▪ It prohibits trade in illegally logged timber and timber products ▪ It requires EU traders who place timber products on the EU market for the first time to exercise „ due diligence “ ▪ In Germany 27,500 commercial suppliers are registered by the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE) The regulation covers a wide range of timber products listed in its Annex using EU Customs code nomenclature . Slide 2 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

European Timber Regulation - EUTR Regulation of the European Parliament The European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR) requires obligations on businesses who trade in timber and timber related products. It applies to timber originating in the domestic (EU) market, as well as from third (non-EU) countries. Slide 3 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

European Timber Regulation (EUTR) Timber products subjected to the control by the EUTR European Timber Regulation ANNEX Timber and timber products as classified in the Combined Nomenclature in Annex I to Regulation (EEC) No. 2658/87 ▪ 4401 Fuel wood , in logs, billets, pellets or similar forms; ▪ 4403 Wood (solid) , not stripped, stripped of bark or two- or four-sided trimmed; ▪ 4406 Timber railway sleepers ; ▪ 4407 Wood (sawn) or chipped lengthwise with a thickness exceeding 6 mm; ▪ 4408 Veneer sheets for plywood or for similar laminated wood ▪ 4410 Particle board , "oriented strand board" plates and similar plates ▪ 4411 Fibreboard of wood , agglomerated with resins or other organic substances; ▪ 4412 Plywood , veneered panels and similar laminated wood; ▪ 4415 Packing cases , boxes, and similar packing's ▪ 940330, 940340, 94035000, 940360 and 94039030 wood furniture ▪ Pulp and paper of chapters 47 and 48 of the Combined Nomenclature Slide 4 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The Thünen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber Participating institutes Participating institutes: ▪ Thünen Institute of Wood Research (TI -HF) - Macroscopic and microscopic wood identification ▪ Thünen Institute of Forest Genetic (TI -FG) - Genetic identification of wood species and origin ▪ Thünen Institute for International Forestry and Forest Economics (TI-WF) - Evaluation of certificates and timber market analyses Slide 5 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

Examples of daily submitted samples Wood identification in practice ▪ Approx. 1,000 expertises/reports were executed in 2017 Slide 6 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The Thünen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber Scientific reports regarding the EUTR Daily submissions of samples from the fields ▪ Wood trade (75%) ▪ Customs and environmental agencies (22%) ▪ NGOs (2%) ▪ Private consumer (1%) Increasing identification of lesser known species , especially in products that are manufactured in Asia Detailed market survey/observation of the internationally traded timber Slide 7 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The Thünen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber Scientific reports regarding the EUTR Slide 8 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The scientific wood collection of the Thünen Institute Reference specimens for the wood identification ▪ Number of specimens: approx. 37,500 ▪ Botanical families: approx. 245 ▪ Botanical genera: approx. 2,400 ▪ Individual species: approx. 11,500 Photos Ilja Hendel ▪ Number of regularly traded timber (600 to 800 worldwide) Slide 9 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

Development and application of computer-assisted wood identification systems Commercial timbers, macroHOLZdata and CITES woodID, DELTA-INTKEY-System ▪ The databases contains descriptions and an interactive identification system for softwood and hardwood taxa common in the international trade ▪ Macroscopic and microscopic characters for the wood identification Slide 10 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The database Commercial timbers Microscopic identification and description of Bangkirai ▪ Description and illustrations of Bangkirai for the microscopic wood identification Slide 11 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The Thünen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber Examples of microscopic wood identification ▪ Anatomical identification of individual veneer layers (< 0.2 mm thickness) in plywood Slide 12 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The Thuenen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber Tropical timber regularly identified in plywood from South East Asia Botanical genus / Family Trade name Alstonia spp. / APOCYNACEAE Pulai Aucoumea klaineana / BURSERACEAE Okoumé Beilschmiedia spp. / LAUARACEAE Medang Campnosperma spp. / ANACARDIACEAE Terentang Canarium spp. / BURSERACEAE Kedongdong Endospermum spp. / ANACARDIACEAE Sesendok Ochanostachys amentacea / OLACACEAE Petaling Octomeles sumatrana / DATISCACEAE Binuang Palaquium spp. / SAPOTACEAE Nyatoh Pentaspadon spp. / ANACARDIACEAE Pelaju Shorea spp. subg. Rubroshorea / DIPTEROCARPACEAE Red Meranti Swintonia spp. / ANACARDIACEAE Merpauh Slide 13 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

Identification of timber in fibre and particle boards Characterization of anatomical / morphological features ▪ Microscopic identification of individual vessel types and tracheids in fibreboard (MDF) Slide 14 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

Identification of tropical timber in pulp and paper Characterization of anatomical - morphological features ▪ Preparation of macerated (= separated) cell-elements and fibres Acacia mangium Mangifera spp. Shorea subg. Rubroshorea ▪ Individual types of vessels for the identification of acacia, machang and red meranti in pulp and paper ▪ Determination of the size of pits in macerated vessel elements Slide 15 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The Thünen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber Timber regularly identified in fibre boards (MDF) Botanical genus / Family Trade name Alniphyllum spp. / STYRACACEAE Fortunes China-bells Alnus spp. / BETULACEAE Erle / alder Betula spp. / BETULACEAE Birke / birch Eucalyptus spp. / MYRTACEAE Eukalyptus / eucalypt Fagus sylvatica / FAGACEAE Buche / beech Liquidambar spp. / HAMAMELIDACEAE Amberbaum / Sweet gum Liriodendron spp. / MAGNOLIACEAE Tulpenbaum / Tulip wood Magnolia spp. / MAGNOLIACEAE Magnolie Nyssa spp. / NYSSACEAE Kirung Picea spp. / PINACEAE Fichte / spruce Pinus spp. / PINACEAE Kiefer / pine Populus spp. / SALICACEAE Pappel / poplar Pseudotsuga menziesii / PINACEAE Douglasie / Douglas-fir Schima spp. / THEACEAE Schima / samak Tilia spp. / MALVACEAE Linde / lime Slide 16 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

Atlas of vessel elements References for the identification of species from Asia ▪ Development of a “vessel atlas" for the identification of tropical timber in pulp and paper Slide 17 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

Control of CITES-protected timber ▪ The current CITES-listings of the entire rosewood genus (over 250 species) and of bubinga have a major impact on timber trade, as these species are traditionally used for components of musical instruments and high quality furniture. Slide 18 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

CITES woodID - Computer-aided identification and description of CITES protected trade timbers ▪ The database (Update_2017) contains 44 CITES-protected known for their potential in the manufacture of lumber and downstream processing into products, and 32 trade timbers which can be easily mistaken for CITES protected timbers (look-alike species) Bulnesia sarmientoi Palo santo CITES II / B Caesalpinia echinata Fernambuc CITES II / B Cedrela odorata Cedro CITES III / C Brazilian rosewood Dalbergia nigra CITES I / A Rosewood (> 250 species) Dalbergia spp. CITES II / B Diospyros spp. Ebony (Madagascar) CITES II / B Fitzroya cupressoides Alerce CITES I / A Gonystylus spp. Ramin CITES II / B Pockholz Guaiacum spp. CITES II / B Pericopsis elata Afrormosia CITES II / B Platymiscium spp. Granadillo CITES II / B Swietenia spp. True Mahagoni CITES II / B Slide 19 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018

The Thünen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber Many thanks! Contact : Thuenen Centre of Competence on the Origin of Timber holzherkuenfte@thuenen.de Slide 20 PD Dr. habil. Gerald Koch Hardwood Conference_2018