Getting Started Getting Started Establishment of a Water Balance for Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Jambi, Indonesia Roland Liemberger Where is Jambi? Where is Jambi? Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 2 2
Establishing the Water Establishing the Water Balance for 2004 Balance for 2004 � Step 1 – Determining system input volume � Step 2 – Determining authorized consumption � Step 3 – Estimating commercial losses � Step 4 – Calculating physical losses � Step 5 – Quantifying physical loss components Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 3 3 System Input Volume (2004) System Input Volume (2004) Location m3/year Meter Accuracy Broni 11,232,868 Electromagnetic +/- 1% Benteng 5,332,640 Electromagnetic +/- 1% Aur Duri (Novco) 2,757,488 Electromagnetic +/- 1% Ps. Panjang 867,041 Estimated +/- 30% Aur Duri 105,624 Estimated +/- 30% Tj. Johor 51,474 Estimated +/- 30% Kota Baru I 25,260 Estimated +/- 30% Villa Kenali II 19,733 Estimated +/- 30% Mayang 13,244 Estimated +/- 30% Sirwijaya 8,674 Estimated +/- 30% Kota Baru II 1,157 Estimated +/- 30% Total 20,415,203 +/- 1.4% 4 4
Determination of Authorized Authorized Determination of Consumption Consumption � billed metered consumption – see next slide � billed unmetered consumption – about 10% of customers billed on estimates (meters not working) but included in billed metered consumption � unbilled metered consumption – non � unbilled unmetered consumption – see extra slide Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 5 5 Authorized Billed Metered and Authorized Billed Metered and Unmetered Consumption Unmetered Consumption m3/year Sosial Umum 161,467 Sosial Khusus 488,331 Rumah Tangga 1 4,963,918 Rumah Tangga 2 4,041,373 Instansi Pemerintah 683,164.00 Niaga Kecil 1,506,757.00 Niaga Besar 150,188.00 Industri Kecil 16,323.00 Industri Besar 166,173 Khusus 36,720 Mobil Tangki 21,036 Total 12,235,450 6 6
Authorized Unbilled Authorized Unbilled Unmetered Consumption Unmetered Consumption m3/year Accuracy Fire fighting 12,000 +/- 50% (say 1,000 m3/month) Mains flushing 520 +/- 50% (say 10 m3/week) Total 12,520 +/- 48% Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 7 7 Estimation of Commercial Estimation of Commercial Losses Losses m3/year Accuracy Illegal connections 295,650 +/- 50 % (estimated 1500 x 540 l) x 365 days Meter tampering 120,000 +/- 50 % (assumed 10% of 10% of 12 million m3) Illegal hydrant use 1,040 +/- 50 % (maybe 20 m3/week) Meter underregistration domestic customers 574,805 +/- 2 % (6%, estimated based on meter age) Meter underregistration non-domestic cust. 206,180 +/- 2 % (6%, estimated based on meter age) Meter reading and date handling errors 200,000 +/- 50 % (unknown, provisional amount) Total 1,397,676 +/- 14 % 8 8
Water Balance 2004 (m3) Water Balance 2004 (m3) Billed Consumption Revenue Water 12,235,450 12,235,450 Authorized Consumption Unbilled 12,247,970 Consumption System Input 12,520 Volume (+/- 48%) 20,415,203 Commercial (+/- 1.4%) NRW Losses 8,179,753 1,397,676 (+/- 3%) Water Losses (+/- 13.5%) 8,167,233 Physical Losses (+/- 3.5%) 6,769,557 (+/- 5.1%) 9 9 Leakage Component Analysis Leakage Component Analysis Number per year Volume Lost [million m3/year] Background Leakage 2.80 Reported Bursts - Mains 694 0.34 Reported Bursts – 5,142 0.72 Service Connections Unreported Bursts zero (no active 0.00 leakage control) Hidden Leaks unknown 2.91 Total Physical Losses 6.77 10 10
System Characteristics System Characteristics Length of mains 756 km +/- 2.8 % Number of Connections 45,280 +/- 1.7 % Average Pressure 11.3 m +/- 10 % Average Supply Time 23 h +/- 3 % Average length on private 5 m +/- 20 % land before meter 11 11 Jambi Pressure Situation Jambi Pressure Situation 35.0 30.0 Maximum 25.0 Pressure [m] 20.0 Minimum 15.0 Weighted 10.0 Average 5.0 0.0 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00 07:00 08:00 09:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 12 12
Calculation of NRW Calculation of NRW Performance Indicators Performance Indicators Comments Volume of NRW 40 % as percentage Not a useful indicator of System (39 – 41%) Input Volume Value of physical losses: US$ 0.05 / m3 Value of NRW Value of commercial 47 % as percentage losses: of Operating (45 – 48 %) US$ 0.2 / m3 Cost Annual operating cost: US$ 1.33 million Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 13 13 Annual Value of Water Lost Annual Value of Water Lost � Commercial Losses: US$ 275,000 � Physical Losses: – US$ 344,000 when valued with variable production and pumping cost (abstraction charge, purchased water, electricity, chemicals, plant maintenance) – US$ 1,35 million when valued with average tariff (as the water could be sold) Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 14 14
Calculation Physical Loss Calculation Physical Loss Performance Indicators Performance Indicators Performance Indicator Value 430 Liters/connection/day (403 – 457) 38 Liters/connection/day per m pressure (34 – 43) 31 ILI (27 – 35) Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 15 15 Infrastructure Leakage Index Infrastructure Leakage Index versus Percentages versus Percentages 60 50 Real Losses [% of System Input] Jambi 40 Mecca 30 Philadelphia 20 Bristol Dushanbe 10 Vienna Lemesos 0 1 10 100 1000 ILI Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 16 16
Simplified Physical Loss Simplified Physical Loss Target Matrix Target Matrix Physical Losses [Litres/connection/day] Technical ILI Performance (when the system is pressurised) at an average pressure of: Category 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m Developed A 1 - 2 < 50 < 75 < 100 < 125 Countries B 2 - 4 50-100 75-150 100-200 125-250 C 4 - 8 100-200 150-300 200-400 250-500 D > 8 > 200 > 300 > 400 > 500 Target Developing A 1 - 4 < 50 < 100 < 150 < 200 < 250 Countries B 4 - 8 50-100 100-200 150-300 200-400 250-500 C 8 - 16 100-200 200-400 300-600 400-800 500-1000 D > 16 Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 17 17 > 200 > 400 > 600 > 800 > 1000 NRW Reduction Strategy for NRW Reduction Strategy for PDAM Jambi PDAM Jambi � Two big issues: – Reduction of Commercial Losses – Reduction of Physical Losses � Separate and detailed targets for both Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 18 18
Targets for Commercial Loss Targets for Commercial Loss Reduction Reduction 2004: Future: Reduction m3/year m3/year m3/year Reduction of Illegal 300,000 100,000 200,000 connections (from 1500 to 500) Meter tampering 120,000 60,000 60,000 (reduced by 50%) Meter underregistration 780,000 260,000 520,000 (from 6% to 2%) Meter reading and date 200,000 100,000 100,000 handling errors (reduced by 50%) Total 1,400,000 520,000 880,000 Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 19 19 Targets for Physical Loss Targets for Physical Loss Reduction Reduction 2004 Future Reduction Physical Losses 39 10 25 (l/conn/d/m) Average Pressure 11 15 Physical Losses 430 150 235 (l/conn/d) Annual Volume of 6.8 3.2 3.6 Physical Losses (million m3) ILI 31 8 Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia Establishment of a Water Balance for Jambi, Indonesia 20 20
Cost/Benefit of Commercial Cost/Benefit of Commercial Loss Reduction Loss Reduction Cost Annual Increase Action in Revenues (million Rp) Illegal connection 164 398 campaign Meter replacement 6,129 1,050 Reduction of Meter 121 Tampering 730 Improvement of meter 202 reading and billing Total 7,023 1,771 Payback time: 4 years 21 21 Cost Breakdown for Physical Cost Breakdown for Physical Loss Reduction Loss Reduction Cost Estimate (million Rp) Completion of GIS 490 Establishment of hydraulic model 400 Establishment of NRW management unit 2,920 DMA establishment 10,000 Leak repair 1,000 Selective service connection replacement 15,000 Total Physical Loss Reduction 29,810 22 22
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