Energy Storage Energy Storage Alaska Power Association Alaska Power Association Annual Meeting Annual Meeting August 10, 2012 August 10, 2012 Brad Reeve Brad Reeve Kotzebue Electric Association Kotzebue Electric Association
KEA Off grid Diesel and wind powered Started wind program to reduce diesel consumption First wind turbines installed in 1997
KEA Average load 2.5 MW Installed wind 2.94 MW Storage designated = 2.8 MW 500 kW output – 7 hours Premium Power Transflow 2000
Wind Farm Expansion Prior Status 17 wind turbines 1.14 MW installed Capacity ~ 90,000 gallons of Diesel/yr saved Current Status 2 Additional Turbines 900 kW in size 2.94 MW installed Capacity Wind Expansion with Battery Storage has the potential to save an over 300,000 gallons of diesel per year!
Advanced Battery Breakthroughs Long Life (defined by number of charge and discharge cycles) Cycle lifetime of 5,000 to 10,000 cycle is now possible Charging and discharging daily implies 300 or more cycles a year, 9,000 cycles in 30 years Costs have decreased by 30% to 50% $2,000/kW now for 7 hours of storage instead of $3,500/kW Large battery complexes are being built in >1 Mw sizes Acceptable efficiency of 70% or more
Battery NRECA/Kotzebue KEA was in the process of acquiring a VRB Vanadium Redox Battery We were in final design when the company went into bankruptcy In 2008 NRECA’s Cooperative Research Network applied for a American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) stimulus grant (50/50 match) to purchase and test flow batteries with 3 other cooperatives
Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB)
Prudent Energy Vanadium Red ‐ ox Flow Battery
Battery NRECA/Kotzebue ARRA grant was not approved KEA continued to proceed with a project Kauai Electric intended to firm solar power Seminole Electric intended to avoid the need for a new substation Several utilities were looking at arbitrage solutions KEA’s intent is to increase diesel/wind plant efficiency and needs longer term storage
Energy Storage Stabilize power from wind turbines Ability to store energy from high wind events (Time shift wind energy to daily peak for fuel savings) Allow operation of diesel generators in zones of maximum efficiency Potentially allow us to operate system in diesel off mode during warmer months Frequency regulation and spinning reserve Potental of emergency power and blackstart
Basic Zinc-Flow Technology (Plating and de-plating of Zinc)
TransFlow - 2000 Utility-Scale Mobile Energy Storage Battery Output 2.8 to 3.4 Megawatt Hours
Premium Power TransFlow 2000 Zinc Bromide battery on a trailer 500 kW, 7.4 hours and 3.8 MW -Hr & ~$1 million
Stacks and Pumps
In the assembly area. These are the electrolyte tanks.
Power attachments to battery
Why KEA is interested in the Premium Power Zinc Bromide Battery? Lifetime of more than 10,000 cycles of deep charge and discharge Lowest cost battery of all the advanced options based on CRN due diligence report Potentially very low environmental impacts PPC ZnBr is UL, FCC, and NFPA certified The PPC ZnBr batteries are made in the U.S. PPC is well capitalized. PPC ZnBr has the potential for fast frequency regulation and nearly unlimited cycle life.
Energy Storage (kWh) Comparison Method $ / kW h Pow er Efficiency Lifetim e Discharge ( MW ) ( hours) Tim e ( hrs) Pumped 250-260 20-2,400 76-83% 11,000+ 10 Hydro Compressed 550-650 110-290 50-75% 11,000+ 10 Air NaS (NGK) 2,500- .05-50 70-80% 3,000+ 7 4,500 Ni-Cad 610-1,700 .01-27 60-65% 1,000+ 4 Premium 350-400 .5 70% 30 years 5 Power ZBB 1,070 .5 77-78% + 2,000 varies cycles Prudent 1637 Varies 85% 10,000+ varies Energy cycles
Power Stability (kW) Comparison Method $ / kW Pow er Efficiency Lifetim e Discharge ( MW ) ( hours) Tim e ( m in) Lead Acid 1,050- .01-10 70-75% 250+ 15 1,890 Flywheels 2,500- .5-1 90-95% 500,000+ 15 4,000 Super n/ a .003-.01 90-98% 500,000+ Seconds Capacitors NaS 3,000- .05-50 70-80% 3,000+ 300 Batteries 4,000 Li-Ion 1,000- .005-1 90-95% 20,000+ 15 Batteries 4,500 Lead Acid 1,050- .01-10 70-75% 250+ 15 1,890
TransFlow - 2000 Current Status Maturing Core Battery technology for manufacturing scale-up Expanded test program has been implemented Consulting experts retained to assist in analysis and technology refinement Special test equipment devised to characterize/optimize component performance Extended system cycling operation required to identify reliable operational parameters In-depth manufacturing process assessment for quality improvements
TransFlow - 2000 Current Status TF 2000 Trailer configuration impractical High density/compact design difficult to service Transportation induced equipment damage Limited shipping options and high cost ISO Container design and implementation underway Evaluating supply chain for power electronics and microgrid controls
Next Steps KEA did not accept ownership of the unit TF 2000 Trailer system will be replaced with a container system with each quadrant in a separate container Replacement unit is scheduled for summer 2013 delivery Thank You
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