Weather Unit Weather 101 Video from National Geographic 3:19 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Weather Unit Weather 101 Video from National Geographic 3:19

Weather Vocabulary 1. Atmosphere – the blanket of air surrounding earth 2. Troposphere – the layer of air closest to earth’s surface 3. Stratosphere – most of the earth’s ozone is here, air is very dry so clouds are rare 4. Mesosphere – coldest layer, meteorites break apart here 5. Thermosphere – five times as deep as all other layers combined, hottest layer

What factors interact to cause weather?  Heat energy, air pressure, winds, and moisture  Almost all the earth’s energy comes from radiant energy (the sun).  Radiant energy is called radiation  The atmosphere helps warm the earth by absorbing, storing, and recycling the sun’s radiant energy. BrainPop Atmosphere 2:52 Introduction to Our Atmosphere 5:23 Blue books pages 12-13 The Structure of Our Atmosphere video 5:05 Textbook pages 398-399

How is heat transferred?  The sun’s energy that is absorbed by the earth is spread throughout the atmosphere in 3 basic ways:  Conduction  Convection  Radiation Brainpop Heat Studyjams - heat BillNye Video - Heat Textbook pages 578-586

Weather Vocabulary 6. Heat – the transfer of thermal energy between objects with different temperatures 7. System – a group of separate elements that work together to accomplish something 8. Conduction – the transfer of heat from one object directly to another 9. Convection – the transfer of heat through the movement of a gas or a liquid 10. Radiation – the transfer of energy by means of waves that move through matter and space 11. Reflection – the bouncing of heat or light off an object

What is the Greenhouse Effect? Weather Vocabulary 12. Greenhouse effect – process in which carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere absorb infrared radiation from the sun, forming a “heat blanket” around the earth.  What are infrared rays? (figure 1-4)  Can’t be seen but you feel them as heat  Can’t pass through the atmosphere into space  CO 2 and other gases absorb these rays form the heat blanket  What happens to a car on a sunny day?  What are other examples of the Greenhouse effect?  Could we live without the Greenhouse Effect? • Brainpop- Greenhouse Effect • Acid rain and greenhouse gas Weather book pages 14-16

What is the Greenhouse Effect?  CO 2 is produced Infrared rays are by burning fossil  Temperatures at absorbed by CO 2 fuels the earth’s surface and gases and  (coal, oil, and increase TRAPS the heat natural gas)  Areas at or near the equator receive the most radiant energy and have the highest temperatures.

What are temperature variations of the Earth? Weather Vocabulary 13. Thermometer – instrument used to measure temperature 14. temperature – the degree of heat in a substance or object, expressed in Fahrenheit or Celsius degrees.  How does the position of the earth determine temperature? Answer: Areas at or near the equator receive the most radiant energy and have the highest temperatures. Weather book pages 17-18 Textbook page 400 Seasons and the Sun: Crash Course for Kids 3:56

Section 1-1 Review 1. What are the factors that interact to cause weather? 2. What are three ways by which heat energy is spread throughout the atmosphere? 3. How does the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth affect the temperature at the earth’s surface? 4. How is carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere similar to the glass in a greenhouse? Weather book page 18

Section 1-1 Review What are the factors that interact to cause weather? 1. heat energy, air pressure, winds, and moisture 2. What are three ways by which heat energy is spread throughout the atmosphere? conduction, convection, and radiation 3. How does the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth affect the temperature at the earth’s surface? Areas near the equator receive the most direct rays of the sun and have the highest temperatures. Areas that receive less direct rays have lower temperatures. 4. How is carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere similar to the glass in a greenhouse? CO 2 acts like a glass and traps heat. Weather book page 18

Weather Vocabulary 15. Air pressure – measure of the force of air pressing down on the earth’s surface 16. Barometer – instrument used to measure air pressure

What is the relationship between density of air and air pressure? MASS is how much  Density: matter is in an object.  Denser air has more MASS than less dense air  Denser air exerts more air pressure against the earth’s surface than less dense air  Air Pressure:  Air pressure depends on the density of air  Greater the density, greater the air pressure  Air pressure is affected by 3 factors: 1. Temperature 2. Water vapor 3. Elevation Weather book pages 19-21 Brainpop Weather Textbook page 399 Studyjams - Air pressure and winds

Location is everything! Warm location Cold location High elevation  high temperatures  low temperatures  low temperatures  “stormy weather”  dryer air  air is thinner  moist air  higher air pressure  lower air pressure  lower air pressure  “fair weather”  less dense air  less dense air  more dense air

Section 1-2 Review Fill in the Blanks! 1. Air pressure at any place on earth is equal to the _____________ of air directly above it. 2. Three factors, ____________, ____________, and ____________ affect air pressure. 3. When air is heated, contains water vapor, or is at a high elevation, it is ____________dense and produces ____________air pressure. 4. A ____________measures air pressure and helps to forecast the weather. 5. ____________ pressure usually means fair weather because the “heavy” air does not allow ____________to form in the upper atmosphere.

Weather Vocabulary 17. Local winds – movements of air that result from local changes in temperature 18. Sea breeze – flow of air from the sea to the land 19. Land breeze – flow of air from the land to the sea 20. Monsoon - seasonal wind that flows land to ocean part of the year Vocab Assignment #1

What are the different types of local winds? 1. Sea Breeze Blows from the sea to the land  During the day  Warm air over the land rises  Cooler air over the sea moves inland  2. Land Breeze Blows from the land to the sea “off - shore breeze”  At night  Warm air over the sea rises  Cooler air over the land moves out to sea  Monsoon – seasonal wind 3. Weather book pages 22-23 land breeze and sea breeze videos Textbook page 401 Brainpop - Wind

Local Winds  Local and global winds are caused by difference in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere  The name of the wind tells you the direction from which the wind came from  Local winds blow from any direction & cover a short distance  Types of Local Winds: 1. Sea Breeze 2. Land breeze 3. Monsoon – seasonal wind  Part of the year => blows land to ocean  Other parts of the year => blows ocean to land and brings warm, moist air, rainy season, warm temps, & huge amounts of rain  Common to Asia and very important to farmers

Weather Vocabulary 21. Prevailing winds – global winds that blow constantly from the same direction 22. Coriolis effect – shift in wind direction caused by the rotation of the earth (Northern winds curve right, Southern winds curve left) 23. Doldrums – surface winds located at the equator that are quite calm 24. Trade winds – moves back toward the equator, warm, steady winds, great for travel

Weather Vocabulary 25. Prevailing westerlies – cool, sinking air that moves toward the North & South poles, travels west to east, strong winds 26. Polar easterlies – extremely cold air flowing toward the equator from the poles, travels east to west 27. Jet stream – a narrow belt of strong, high-speed, high pressure air, flows from west to east at altitudes above 12 km (7 miles) 28. Anemometer – an instrument that is used to measure wind speed 29. Wind vane – an instrument that is used to measure wind direction

What are global winds?  Global Winds  4 types of global winds  Blow from a specific direction 1. Doldrums and for long distances 2. Trade winds  Review question: How are 3. Prevailing westerlies local winds different than 4. Polar easterlies global winds?  Temps near the poles is lower, cooler air sinks & moves to equator  Temps near equator is higher, warm air rises & moves to poles Weather book pages 24-28 Textbook page 402

Coriolis Effect  Causes the winds to curve!  Earth rotates west to east  Winds in northern hemisphere curve right  Winds in the southern hemisphere curve left

Global Winds 1. Doldrums  Located at the equator  Calm, weak, or no winds  Receives the most radiant energy 2. Trade Winds  30 ° north & south of the equator  Sky is clear, few clouds, little rain, winds are calm  “Horse latitudes”  Airplanes use these winds to increase speed & save fuel from east to west  Early sailors used these winds to sail to the New World

Global Winds 3. Prevailing Westerlies  located 40 ° to 60 ° latitude  very strong winds  cool sinking wind headed towards north & south poles 4. Polar Easterlies  located 60 ° to 90 ° latitude  Cold but weak winds  Travel from the east to west