Water Sector Reforms in Kenya Water Sector Reforms in Kenya “Improving Governance and Human Rights to Water” Presented By Eng. P. L. Ombogo ( Director Water Sector Reforms) ( Director Water Sector Reforms) 1 1
OUTLINE OUTLINE OUTLINE OUTLINE � Background Background � The reforms in Kenya Th Th The reforms in Kenya f f i i K K � Improving Water & Sanitation Governance I I Improving Water & Sanitation Governance i i W t W t & S & S it ti it ti G G � Improving Human Rights to Water & Improving Human Rights to Water & p p g g g g Sanitation Sanitation � Positive Outcomes of the Reforms � Positive Outcomes of the Reforms Positive Outcomes of the Reforms Positive Outcomes of the Reforms � Challenges Challenges 2 2
Background Background � The Government of Kenya is currently implementing wide ranging reforms in the water sector in accordance with the Water Act 2002 � The broad objective of the reforms is to equitably j y improve access to sustainable safe water and sanitation services and resource management at affordable cost
Background Cont’ Background Cont Background Cont’ Background Cont � It is important to note that Kenya is currently 647m 3 per categorized as a water scarce country (647m per capita ) capita ) it it ) ) � 50% of population lack safe reliable water and basic sanitation it ti � Water resources are threatened by pollution, degradation and over exploitation d d ti d l it ti � Sector development is faced with institutional weaknesses, inadequate funds for operation and k i d f d f i d development, weak coordination and weak capacity amongst communities amongst communities 4 4
The Reforms Water Act 2002: The Reforms, Water Act 2002: � Principles of the Act include: � The Act has clearly differentiated the roles of various actors in the water sector ie the government, public , private sector, water resource management and p , g water services and supply � The Act has entrenched public participation and involvement in the water services and water involvement in the water services and water resources management � The Act intended to define water rights and legislated ways in which resources could be utilized i hi h ld b tili d � The Act introduced new water management institutions to govern water and sanitation services g � The Act has a strong pro-poor focus
WATER SECTOR REFORMS WATER SECTOR REFORMS The Water Act 2002 separates WRM from WSS, provides for regulation The Water Act 2002 separates WRM from WSS, provides for regulation of WSS and further makes of WSS and further makes a distinction between asset holding and development (responsibilityof a WSB) from operations a distinction between asset holding and development (responsibilityof a WSB) from operations and management (responsibility of a WSP) and management (responsibility of a WSP) INSTITUTIONAL SET -UP UNDER WATER ACT 2002* INSTITUTIONAL SET -UP UNDER WATER ACT 2002* Water Appeal Water Appeal Board Board WAB WAB WAB WAB mulation mulation Water Services Water Services Policy Policy Trust Fund Trust Fund vel vel Form Form MWI MWI MWI MWI WSTF WSTF WSTF WSTF National lev National lev P P Water Water Water Water Resources Resources Services Services Management Management Regulatory Regulatory ation ation NWCPC NWCPC Authority Authority Board Board Develops water Develops water e e ops e e ops ate ate WRMA WRMA WRMA WRMA WSRB WSRB WSRB WSRB Regula Regula resources facilities resources facilities Regional Regional Regional Regional Catchment Areas Catchment Areas Water Services Water Services level level WRMA WRMA Advisory Committees Advisory Committees Boards Boards Office Office CAACs CAACs WSBs WSBs n Provision n Provision Water Resources User W t W t Water Resources User R R U U Water Services W t W t Water Services S S i i Services Services Providers Providers Associations Associations WRUAs WRUAs WSPs WSPs Local level Local level Water Resources Management Water Resources Management Water and Sewerage Service Water and Sewerage Service mp- mp- Use Use Consum Consum tion, U tion, U L L Consumers, Users Consumers, Users 6 6 Source: Source: Water Act 2002 Water Act 2002
Improving Water & Sanitation Improving Water & Sanitation Governance Governance � Introduction of socially responsible Introduction of socially responsible commercialization of water services in urban areas commercialization of water services in urban areas • Ring fencing of revenues for the sector to ensure Ring fencing of revenues for the sector to ensure financial sustainability financial sustainability • Reduce unaccounted for water/wastages Reduce unaccounted for water/wastages • Improved billing and revenue collection efficiency Improved billing and revenue collection efficiency • Improved corporate governance through Improved corporate governance through autonomous board of directors autonomous board of directors • Participation of consumers in decision making Participation of consumers in decision making through Water Action Groups (WAG) through Water Action Groups (WAG) g g p ( p ( ) ) 7 7
Improving Water & Sanitation Improving Water & Sanitation Governance Cont’ Governance Cont’ � Introduction of regulation in the sector Introduction of regulation in the sector • Two impact reports have been produced Two impact reports have been produced p p p p p p � Establishment of Water Appeals Board Establishment of Water Appeals Board dedicated to resolve complains dedicated to resolve complains dedicated to resolve complains dedicated to resolve complains 8 8
Improving Human Rights to Improving Human Rights to Water & Sanitation Water & Sanitation � The Rights to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, The Rights to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, reliable and affordable water for personal and domestic reliable and affordable water for personal and domestic use in or near their homes workplace or educational use in or near their homes workplace or educational use in or near their homes, workplace or educational use in or near their homes, workplace or educational institutions (General comment 15 of UN committee on institutions (General comment 15 of UN committee on Economic, Social & Cultural Rights) Economic, Social & Cultural Rights) , , g g ) ) � Although the Right to water and sanitation is not Although the Right to water and sanitation is not explicitly provided in the Water Act, the Right to Water & explicitly provided in the Water Act, the Right to Water & sanitation has been formally recognized in a number of sanitation has been formally recognized in a number of national water sector policies ( National Water Services national water sector policies ( National Water Services St Strategy, National Water Resources management St Strategy, National Water Resources management t t N ti N ti l W t l W t R R t t Strategy, WASREB tarrif Strategy, WASREB tarrif guidelines and pro guidelines and pro- -poor poor implementation plan) implementation plan) implementation plan) implementation plan) 9 9
Improving Human Rights to Improving Human Rights to Water & Sanitation Cont’ Water & Sanitation Cont’ � In implementation of this, the government has In implementation of this, the government has developed and adopted pro developed and adopted pro- -poor poor implementation plan aimed at providing safe implementation plan aimed at providing safe water and sanitation to the poor (urban & water and sanitation to the poor (urban & p p ( ( rural) rural) � The Plan sets out actions to be undertaken � The Plan sets out actions to be undertaken The Plan sets out actions to be undertaken The Plan sets out actions to be undertaken by water sector actors to reach the poor by water sector actors to reach the poor � The Plan has so far received support from Th Th The Plan has so far received support from Pl Pl h h f f i i d d t f t f SIDA, DANIDA, EU and GTZ SIDA, DANIDA, EU and GTZ 10 10
Positive Outcome of the Positive Outcome of the Reforms Reforms � The sector is better The sector is better organised organised � Increased attention and investment in poor � Increased attention and investment in poor Increased attention and investment in poor Increased attention and investment in poor and marginalized areas of Kenya and marginalized areas of Kenya � Increased investments in the water sector I I Increased investments in the water sector d i d i t t t i t i th th t t t t (Kshs.2Bn 2002 to Kshs (Kshs.2Bn 2002 to Kshs. 28Bn in 2009) . 28Bn in 2009) � Improved governance with corruption in Improved governance with corruption in the sector being addressed the sector being addressed the sector being addressed the sector being addressed � Sector is attracting quality professional mix Sector is attracting quality professional mix 11 11
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