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Water in Berlin Virtual Water Hannes Schritt - Ecologic Institute German-Egyptian Youth Exchange 2019 7th August 2019 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 1 Outline Water cycle in Berlin Drinking water Waste water


  1. Water in Berlin – Virtual Water Hannes Schritt - Ecologic Institute German-Egyptian Youth Exchange 2019 7th August 2019 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 1

  2. Outline • Water cycle in Berlin • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political conflicts and initiatives in Berlin • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 2

  3. 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 3

  4. • Künstliche Grundwasseranreicherung Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 4

  5. Bank filtration & groundwater Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 5

  6. Drinking water purification Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: BWB, klassewasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 6

  7. Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 7

  8. Sewage system Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: [BWB, 2008] Source: BWB, klassewasser.de Source: [BWB, 2008] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 8

  9. Waste water treatment (1) Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: BWB, klassewasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 9

  10. Waste water treatment (2) Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: BWB, klassewasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 10

  11. Water quality Drinking Water Water cycle • Drinking water • • Sulfate (coal mining) Waste water • Water quality • • Pharmaceuticals (water cycle) Water security • Political aspects • • Contaminated soils (former industry) Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: Alemanneenergie.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 11

  12. Quality of water bodies • Water quality class: ~II -> III-IV after flowing through city Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/umweltatlas 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 12

  13. Water security • Sulfate (coal mining) Water cycle • Drinking water • • Health problems Waste water • • Lack of water Water quality • Water security • • Population growth Political aspects • Privatization • • Accumulation of pharmaceuticals Initiatives • • Lack of water Virtual Water • • Climate crisis • Lack of water 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 13

  14. Water balance • Künstliche Grundwasseranreicherung Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 14

  15. Privatization • 1999 was 49% sold to RWE and Veolia Water cycle • Drinking water • • Secret contracts, unusual rises of water Waste water • Water quality prices • Water security • Political aspects • Group of activists reached publication of • Privatization • contracts by referendum => Revealed huge Initiatives • profit garantuees for private companies Virtual Water • • Three-digit millions per year for private companies and way less for the city • Repurchased in 2013 after 2nd referendum 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 15

  16. Mediaspree versenken Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 16

  17. Flussbad Berlin • Feasibility study concerning bathing in tributary of the Spree Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Sources: Flussbad-berlin.de] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 17

  18. Virtual Water Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 18

  19. Virtual Water Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: http://union-investment.es/home/Competencies/Sustainable_Investments/Topics/Water.html] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 19

  20. Direct vs indirect water use Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: virtuelles-wasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 20

  21. Green, blue & grey Virtual Water Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Usbekistan Africa Source: virtuelles-wasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 21

  22. World water footprint Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Waterfootprint.org & WWF] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 22

  23. Virtual water flows to and from Kenya Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Mekonnen, M.M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2014)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 23

  24. Water withdrawal vs. water availability Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 24

  25. Water scarcity Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquamaps/] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 25

  26. Net virtual water flow Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 26

  27. Green virtual water flows Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 27

  28. Blue virtual water flows Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 28

  29. Grey virtual water flows Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 29

  30. How can we save virtual water? Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Adopted from BWB] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 30

  31. How can we save virtual water? • Look at the origin of fruits and vegetables in the supermarket. Buy Water cycle • Drinking water seasonal and regional food • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Adopted from BWB] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 31

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