Water in Berlin – Virtual Water Hannes Schritt - Ecologic Institute German-Egyptian Youth Exchange 2019 7th August 2019 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 1
Outline • Water cycle in Berlin • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political conflicts and initiatives in Berlin • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 2
7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 3
• Künstliche Grundwasseranreicherung Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 4
Bank filtration & groundwater Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 5
Drinking water purification Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: BWB, klassewasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 6
Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 7
Sewage system Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: [BWB, 2008] Source: BWB, klassewasser.de Source: [BWB, 2008] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 8
Waste water treatment (1) Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: BWB, klassewasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 9
Waste water treatment (2) Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: BWB, klassewasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 10
Water quality Drinking Water Water cycle • Drinking water • • Sulfate (coal mining) Waste water • Water quality • • Pharmaceuticals (water cycle) Water security • Political aspects • • Contaminated soils (former industry) Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: Alemanneenergie.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 11
Quality of water bodies • Water quality class: ~II -> III-IV after flowing through city Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/umweltatlas 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 12
Water security • Sulfate (coal mining) Water cycle • Drinking water • • Health problems Waste water • • Lack of water Water quality • Water security • • Population growth Political aspects • Privatization • • Accumulation of pharmaceuticals Initiatives • • Lack of water Virtual Water • • Climate crisis • Lack of water 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 13
Water balance • Künstliche Grundwasseranreicherung Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 14
Privatization • 1999 was 49% sold to RWE and Veolia Water cycle • Drinking water • • Secret contracts, unusual rises of water Waste water • Water quality prices • Water security • Political aspects • Group of activists reached publication of • Privatization • contracts by referendum => Revealed huge Initiatives • profit garantuees for private companies Virtual Water • • Three-digit millions per year for private companies and way less for the city • Repurchased in 2013 after 2nd referendum 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 15
Mediaspree versenken Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 16
Flussbad Berlin • Feasibility study concerning bathing in tributary of the Spree Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Sources: Flussbad-berlin.de] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 17
Virtual Water Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 18
Virtual Water Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: http://union-investment.es/home/Competencies/Sustainable_Investments/Topics/Water.html] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 19
Direct vs indirect water use Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Source: virtuelles-wasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 20
Green, blue & grey Virtual Water Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • Usbekistan Africa Source: virtuelles-wasser.de 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 21
World water footprint Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Waterfootprint.org & WWF] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 22
Virtual water flows to and from Kenya Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Mekonnen, M.M. and Hoekstra, A.Y. (2014)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 23
Water withdrawal vs. water availability Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 24
Water scarcity Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquamaps/] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 25
Net virtual water flow Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 26
Green virtual water flows Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 27
Blue virtual water flows Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 28
Grey virtual water flows Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Source: Feng, K. and Hubacek, K. (2015)] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 29
How can we save virtual water? Water cycle • Drinking water • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Adopted from BWB] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 30
How can we save virtual water? • Look at the origin of fruits and vegetables in the supermarket. Buy Water cycle • Drinking water seasonal and regional food • Waste water • Water quality • Water security • Political aspects • Privatization • Initiatives • Virtual Water • [Adopted from BWB] 7.8.2019 Hannes Schritt (Ecologic Institut) 31
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