Water and Climate Change: An Integrated Approach to Address - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT, MALAYSIA Water and Climate Change: An Integrated Approach to Address Adaptation International Workshop on Climate Change “ Youth Action on Climate Change” Swiss-Garden Hotel and Residences, Malacca 22 nd May, 2015 Dr Gary William Theseira Deputy Undersecretary (Environment Management and Climate Change)

Outline  Background (National circumstances)  Institutional Frameworks  Policies, Legislation and Regulations  The compounding impacts of Climate Change  Resulting Policy and Framework Development  Specific Water-related Issues  Specific initiatives (hard vs. soft)  Instruments  Way Forward  Conclusions

Natural Resources  Environmentally rich and abundant in natural resources  1 of the 12 mega-diverse countries  Rich with renewable and non-renewable resources including the mineral resources, forestry, fisheries, agriculture, marine, poultry  One of the fastest growing economies in the ASEAN region  The main supplier of natural rubber, hardwoods, palm oil and tin  Growing rate of urbanization

Institutional Frameworks  EPU, Prime Minister’s Department - Focal point for Sustainable Development  Ministries (eg)  NRE-environment, natural resources, water resources, climate change  KeTTHA- green technology, water treatment and supply  KPKT-town and country planning  Departments/ Agencies eg.: DOE, JPSM, PERHILITAN, NAHRIM, DOF, JPSPN, SPAN, IWK, FRIM, SEDA, Green Tech etc.  Councils: MTN, MTHPI, MPFN, MTN- harmonization/ coordination platform (federal vs state, cross-sectoral)  Others: NGOs, Universities, Schools etc.

Policies  The National Forestry Policy, 1978  The National Policy on Biological Diversity, 1998  The National Policy on the Environment 2002  The National Policy on Climate Change, 2009  The National Green Technology Policy, 2009  The National Water Resources Policy, 2012  The National Mineral Policy 2, 2009  The National Physical Plan  New Economic Model

Laws and Regulations  Kanun Tanah Negara (National Land Code) 1965  Environmental Quality Act 1974  Town and Country Planning Act 1976  National Parks Act, 1980  National Forestry Act 1984  Fisheries Act 1985  Sarawak Natural Resources and Environment Ordinance 1997  Wildlife Conservation Act, 2010 etc .

Challenges  State vs federal jurisdiction  Policy weaknesses-lack of strategic action plans  Expensive technologies-need to buy from outside  Environmental governance-limited resources  Awareness among Malaysian on environment-lacking  Public participation in environmental protection efforts- whistle blowers  Public Private Partnership-need to explore and utilize more  Post-2015 Development agenda: countries are called for greater commitments in environmental protection/management  Climate Change Impacts-extreme weather events

Estimated Annual Economic Loss: RM 1 billion Source: ‘National Register of River Basins (JPS, 2003)

Implementation Framework National Policies and Policy Review Roadmaps and Strategies ADAPTATION MITIGATION Action Plans Regulations and Legislation INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE FRAMEWORKS

National Policy on Climate Change Policy Statement: Ensure climate-resilient development to fulfil national aspirations for sustainability Objectives:  Mainstreaming climate change through wise management of resources and enhanced environmental conservation resulting in strengthened economic competitiveness and improved quality of life;  Integration of responses into national policies, plans and programmes to strengthen the resilience of development from arising and potential impacts of climate change; and  Strengthening of institutional and implementation capacity to better harness opportunities to reduce negative impacts of climate changePolicies to address climate change and related policies

National Policy on Climate Change  Five Principles encompassing Sustainability, Conservation, Coordinated Implementation, Participation and Common but Differentiated Responsibilities;  Ten Strategic Thrust Areas incorporating a balanced approach between adaptation and mitigation  Forty three Key actions identifying specific initiatives, target sectors, and where possible, key stakeholders

National Green Technology Policy Objectives:  To reduce the energy usage rate and at the same time increase economic growth;  To facilitate the growth of the Green Technology industry and enhance its contribution to the national economy;  To increase national capability and capacity for innovation in Green Technology development and enhance Malaysia’s competitiveness in Green Technology in the global arena;  To ensure sustainable development and conserve the environment for future generations; and  To enhance public education and awareness on Green Technology and encourage its widespread use.

National Green Technology Policy  Built upon the four pillars: Energy, Environment, Economy and Social  Specifies four short-term, six mid-term and six long-term goals  Identifies four key sectors: Energy, Buildings, Water and Waste Management, and Transportation  Applied in five Strategic Thrust Areas: Institutional Frameworks, Enabling Environments, Human Capital, Research and Innovation, and Public Awareness

Climate OVERALL FRAMEWORK Change Adaptation Mitigation Development Development Economic Economic Vulnerability Resilience Vulnerability Resilience Resources Economy Social Industry Finance Trade Land Agriculture Food Security Emission Reduction / Sink Water Sufficiency Enhancement Water Industry Irrigation Carbon Offset Schemes Forestry Biotechnology Livelihood Climate Friendly Technology Biodiversity Safety & Security Financing & Investment Social Welfare Mineral Insurance Schemes Climate Resilient Climate Proof Low Carbon Climate Resilient Economy Development Development Economy

ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE IPCC Special Report – Managing the Risks of Extreme Weather Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation  Reduce exposure  Increase resilience  Transform Institutions and Management Frameworks  Reduce vulnerability  Prepare, respond and recover  Effective risk management

ADAPTATION Even if the world maintains the pace of the 1990s in water supply development, it would not be enough to ensure that everyone has access to safe drinking water by 2025. (Source: UNEP)

Impacts, direct and subsequent  Increased scarcity of surface water and diminishing levels of water tables, leading to loss of cultivable lands and pastures and a reduction in agricultural yield;  Increased incidence of forest fires, leading to habitat loss for wildlife and productive lands for livestock;  Increase in waterborne diseases, such as cholera, and other health impacts;  Population displacement and loss of livelihoods;  Aggravation of conflict in trans-boundary river basins;  Impacts on infrastructure and transportation;  Impacts on food, energy, biodiversity and health security

Observed and Projected Climate Change in Malaysia Observed Projected (by 2050) • 1.5-2C Increase Temperature 0.6-1.2C per 50 years (1969 – 2009) • Rainfall (amount) no appreciable (-) 5% to (+) 9% change difference in regions within PM • (-) 6% to (+) 11% change in regions within Sabah and Sarawak • Increase in extremes Rainfall Intensity Increased by 17% for 1 hour duration (2000- within wet cycles • Increase in frequency of 2007 compared to 1971-1980) extreme weather • 0.5m rise (Global high Sea Level Rise 1.3 mm/yr (1986-2006, Tanjung Piai, Johor) worst case at 10mm/yr)

Climate Change? Muar River Annual precipitation(Basin average 1968-2007) Increase observed in annual precipitation 3000 Annaul precipitation(Basin Average) 2500 Precipitation(mm) Increase 2000 1500 1000 1968/69 1970/71 1972/73 1974/75 1976/77 1978/79 1980/81 1982/83 1984/85 1986/87 1988/89 1990/91 1992/93 1994/95 1996/97 1998/99 2000/01 2002/03 2004/05 2006/07 Source : IRBM Sg. Muar (JICA, 2010)

Climate Change? 30min. @ JPS AMPANG 45min. @ JPS AMPANG 90.0 100.0 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2007 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2007 90.0 80.0 80.0 70.0 70.0 60.0 Rainfall depth (mm) Rainfall depth (mm) 60.0 50.0 50.0 40.0 40.0 30.0 30.0 Increasing 20.0 20.0 10.0 trends in short 10.0 100.00 10.00 1.00 Exceedance Probability (%) 100.00 10.00 1.00 Exceedance Probability (%) duration rainfall 3hrs.@ JPS AMPANG, SELANGOR 1hr. @ JPS AMPANG, SELANGOR 150.0 130 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2007 1971-1980 1981-1990 1991-2000 2001-2007 130.0 110 110.0 90 Rainfall depth (mm) Rainfall depth (mm) 90.0 70 70.0 50 50.0 30.0 30 10.0 10 100.00 10.00 1.00 100.00 10.00 1.00 Exceedance Probability (%) Exceedance Probability (%)

NAHRIM Study on Climate Change Impact Maximum values of monthly precipitation Maximum Monthly North North Central Southern Precipitation (mm) West East Region Region Region Region 1984-1993 (1) 722.9 1440.9 633.6 591.7 2025-2024 767.8 1913.9 684.6 608.5 2041-2050 (2) (2) - (1) 44.9 473.0 51.0 16.8 ( Source: NAHRIM Climate Change Study, 2006) More rainfall More floods?