10th International Conference on Urban Climate/ 14th Symposium on the Urban Environment Presentation Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment Case Study of Traditional Arcade-Street Neighborhood in Hot Humid Zone Shi Yin, Werner Lang, Yiqiang Xiao 10.08.2018 New York Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
BACKGROUND Introduction Modern area Modern Neighborhood Guangzhou 2000s Enning Road • High Rise Building Traditional area • Over Wide Street • High Sky Explosion Guangzhou Guangzhou Zhujiang New Town Legend Traditional Neighborhood 1900s • Compact and Uniform Layout • Humanity Scale • Shading Facility (Grey and Green Infrastructure) LCZ classification map of Guangzhou http://geopedia.world/#T4_L107_x12622485.993643802_y2641625.479021549_s11_b1 7 Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
RESEARCH ISSUE • What we can learn from the strategy adopted in such local neighborhoods to respond their climate, and furthermore, how apply the historical experience on current urban form design to improve the pedestrian thermal comfort? Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
CASE STUDY Traditional Neighborhood in South China Case Taishan Guangzhou Shantou Xiamen Type Scale Block Neighborhood A=30-120m Division B=25-30m B H=7-21m A Arcade Street Canyon Dp=9-21m H/W=0.7-1.2 Alley Da=3-9m H/W=1-4 Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
HYPOTHESIS & FRAMEWORK • Correlate influence of neighborhood layout and street canyon on urban climatology Survey and Measurement • Combine the layout and canyon according its climate adaptive code in Type and Scale design perspective In Traditional Arcade-street Neighborhood Simplified Simplified Spatial Spatial Model Model Climate Responding Neighborhood Street Pedestrian Block Division Layout Canyon Type and Aspect-ratio Thermal Comfort Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
METHODOLOGY Spatial Model | Pedestrian | Neighborhood Design Level | Canyon Design Level Thermal Comfort 12m Set Volume: 120mx120mx12m Set height of Building: 12m Analysis: Pedestrian Area Set depth of Building: 30m Set Context: Surrounded Arcade Street (W=12m) Variant: Canyon Type/ Aspect Ratio Variant: Block Division (Proportion, A/B) Interval: 3m H B W A Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
METHODOLOGY Correlation Analysis ANALYSIS RESULT LAYOUT CANYON H/W=4.00/2.00/1.33 A/B=4.00 Dp=3m/6m/9m A/B=2.00 Thermal Comfort In Summer Daytime A/B=1.33 Layout Type Impact of Canyon Type A/B=1.00 Urban Form On OTC Aspect Ratio H/W=1.33/1.00/0.80 A/B=0.75 Da=9m/12m/15m Orientation A/B=0.50 A/B=0.25 Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
METHODOLOGY Microclimate Model Model Boundary Condition Envi-met V4.3.1 In Situ measurement, 4 days, two neighborhoods, Xiamen, Guangzhou Domain: 300x300x30m Ta, Tg, V, rH recorded in 1.5m height Net size: 3x3x2m Local weather data in measurement area: Duration: 4am-8pm Xiamen Guangzhou Boundary Condition: from measurement 40 95 40 95 90 90 Ta Ta 38 38 rH rH 85 85 Receptors 80 80 36 36 In orthogonal Axis 75 75 34 34 Every 9m on each side Ta( O C) Ta( o C) rH(%) rH(%) 70 70 Only in pedestrian area 65 65 32 32 60 60 30 30 55 55 50 50 28 28 45 45 26 40 26 40 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 2017.07.24@XM 2017.07.25@XM 2017.07.30@GZ 2017.08.06@GZ Alley Dp=3m Assessment Pedestrian Thermal Comfort Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET). Calculate by Biomet Thermal comfort range: -1 1 4 0 2 3 （ Slight （ Slight （ Very （ Comfort ） （ Warm ） （ Hot ） Cool ） Warm ） hot ） PET <26 26-30 30-34 34-38 38-42 42 Taiwan Arcade (Lin, Matzarakis et al. 2008) Da=12m Time percentage of under Warm feeling Wind Environment Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
RESULT Validation Validation of Simplified Model In Situ Measurement Simplified Scenario (Envi-met) 9.00 1.00 0.95 8.00 0.90 7.00 0.85 6.00 0.80 RMSE 5.00 R 2 0.75 4.00 0.70 XIAMEN 3.00 Date: 0.65 2.00 24.07.2017, 8am-8pm 0.60 1.00 25.07.2017, 8am-8pm 0.55 0.00 0.50 A1N A1 S A2 N A2 S A4 P A1N A1 S A2 N A2 S A4 P Ta RH Tmrt PET Ta RH Tmrt PET 0.86 0.84 0.63 0.71 0.77 2.95 6.58 3.45 1.00 9.00 Ta 0.95 8.00 RH 0.90 7.00 Tmrt 0.85 6.00 PET 0.80 RMSE 5.00 R 2 0.75 4.00 GUANGZHOU 0.70 3.00 Date: 0.65 30.07.2017, 8am-8pm 2.00 0.60 06.08.2017, 8am-8pm 1.00 0.55 0.50 0.00 A1E A1W TN TS P2 A1E A1W TN TS P2 Ta RH Tmrt PET Ta RH Tmrt PET 0.82 0.87 0.64 0.76 0.86 1.89 5.82 2.93 Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
RESULT Alley Scenario Proportion of Thermal Stress (<Warm|2, 38℃) in ALLEY 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% AL3 50% AL6 45% AL9 40% PET at 16:00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wind in Alley (m/s) 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 AL3 AL6 0.45 AL9 0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • Better thermal comfort in south-north oriented alley • Thermal comfort improved with decreasing W-E oriented alley • Wind decreased by porosity increasing Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
RESULT Arcade Scenario Proportion of Thermal Stress (<Warm|2, 38℃) in Arcade 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% 55% AR9 50% AR12 AR15 45% 40% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PET at 16:00 Wind in Arcade (m/s) 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 AR9 AR12 0.45 AR15 0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 • Pedestrian thermal comfort deteriorate with adding S-N oriented street • Wind decreased by porosity increasing Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
RESULT Different Canyon Type WE Proportion of Thermal Stress Thermal Stress in Different Oriented Alley (<Warm|2, 38℃) in D=9m 80% 90% NS 85% 75% 80% 70% AL3-NS 75% 65% AL3-WE 70% AL6-NS 60% 65% AL6-WE 60% 55% 55% AL9-NS AL9 50% 50% AL9-WE 45% AR9 45% 40% 40% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wind in D=9m Thermal Stress in Different Oriented Arcade 0.75 90% 85% 0.70 80% AR9-NS 0.65 75% AR9-WE 70% 0.60 AR12-NS 65% 0.55 60% AR12-WE 55% 0.50 AR15-NS AL9 50% 0.45 AR15-WE AR9 45% 0.40 40% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
CONCLUSION Common • Wind decreased by porosity increasing; • The value of A/B between 0.75-0.5 achieve better thermal comfort in both canyon type; Difference • Neighborhood layout effect the thermal comfort in alley street significantly; • Better thermal comfort for pedestrian in W-E oriented Arcade street Further research • Canyon with greenery respond varying neighborhood layout • Influence of wind direction • Combination different canyon type in different oriented street Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
THE END Thank you! Yin, Shi yinshity@gmail.com Eco-city and Green Building Lab, SCUT Institute of Energy Efficient and Sustainable Design and Building, TUM Urban Form Effect on Outdoor Thermal Environment | Shi Yin
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