University of Development Alternative (UODA) Course Title: Management Information System (MIS) Program: MBA Course Teacher: Md. Ashek-Al-Aziz Assistant Professor Dept. of CSE UODA 1
-Management (Five basic functions of a manager) - Data and Information - System 2
MIS subsystems – - Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) - Management Reporting Systems (MRS) - Decision Support System (DSS) - Office Information System (OIS) 3
Goals of MIS system – - Operational Efficiency - Functional Effectiveness - Quality Customer Service - Product Creation and Enhancement - Altering basis of competition - Identifying and Exploiting business opportunities - Client lock in - Competitor lock out 4
Challenges of MIS system - An understanding of people and their behavior - An intuitive feel for what management will accept - A current knowledge of technology-based disciplines such as computers and communications - An understanding of planning and control matters. - A solid grounding in accounting (because information systems are rich in accounting data and terminology) - A sense of perspective that enables you to see how all of these things fit together and which are most important 5
Components of Computer Based Information System - - Hardware - Software - Data and Information - Procedure - People 6
Hardware components of Computer Based Information System Central Processing Unit (CPU ) Con- trol Unit Input Output/Comm- unication devices Arithmetic & Logic devices Unit (ALU) Primary & Cache meeory Secondary Memory 7
Taxonomy of computer software Classifications of computer software are as follows: (i) System Software - Operating System - Programming Language (ii) Application Software - Generalized packages - Customized software/ Point solution software 8
System Analyst The job of a System Analyst is to aid in the works of other professionals. A system analyst should have computer background with current technological knowledge but provides automation solutions to other professionals like medical practitioners, lawyers, accountants etc . 9
Steps of System Analysis or Process of Computerization – - Preliminary survey / study - Problem Identification - Requirement Analysis/ Solution Synthesis - Feasibility Study - System Design – (a) Logical Design and (b) Physical Design - System Development and Testing - System Implementation and Evaluation 10
Ergonomics & its importance The field that studies computer workspaces and their effects on users Is known as Ergonomics. The field attempts to overcome the problems associated with poorly designed computer workspaces that cause unnecessary physical and mental stress or strain. Research in this field has also made it for possible vision – impaired, hearing-impaired, and developmentally disabled individuals to make productive use of Information Technology. 11
For example, Ergonomics research has prompted manufacturers of display devices to incorporate improvements such tiltable, flicker-free screens; eye smoothing display colors; and contoured, detachable keyboards. Research in this area has resulted in special input and output interfaces for disabled workers – such as voice or eye movement activated input devices. Besides hardware, ergonomic researchers have focused on lighting, acoustics and furniture design. Minimizing problem is these areas in both humanly desirable and can, in the long run, be productive for the organization. 12
Workers’ skills and abilities The skills and abilities are usually described as being relatively stable physical and intellectual characteristics that determine an employee’s capability to perform job tasks. Lack of appropriate abilities and skill can limit a worker’s productivity. For example, if a clerk -typist does not have the manual dexterity to master the fundamentals of typing or keyboard entry, his or her performance is likely to suffer. Job behaviors are affected by the skills and abilities that workers posses. 13
Categories of skills and abilities Two categories of skills and abilities are commonly identified - physical abilities and - mental abilities. 14
- Physical abilities include both physical capabilities (for example, strength, flexibility and stamina) and psychomotor abilities (such as manual dexterity, eye – hand coordination and reaction time). - Mental abilities are more concerned with the intellectual capabilities of workers and are closely linked to how a person makes decisions and processes information. Included in this category are factors such as verbal comprehension, memory processes and mathematical aptitude. - Both the factors must be considered when designing information system. 15
Intelligence and Sophistication Intelligence refers basically to a person’s ability to reason, whereas sophistication refers largely to factors such as age and experience. Together they make a large contribution to the user’s ability to perform on the job. Information system must be tailored to both the level of intelligence and sophistication. For example, executives and senior professional may be very knowledgeable and effective in jobs they perform for their organization, but still be quite unsophisticated when using computers. 16
User interface Managers and professionals who are new to computers can benefit from user-friendly interfaces. For example, many of the user interfaces for workers who enter transaction processing data are intended for individuals who are relatively unsophisticated when it comes to computers e.g. the point-of- sale (POS) system designed to collect sales data at a fast-food restaurant are typically designed for the lowest capability workers that are expected to use them. The benefits of such easy-of-use systems include quick training for new workers and the organization’s ability to hire semi -skilled or unskilled workers. In many instance, this can be a cost-effective business strategy for organization. 17
Human information processing model Memory Receptor Short-term (eye, ear, memory nose) (brain) Environment Processor (Brain) Long-term Effectors memory (Physical, (brain) Spoken, Written) External memory (notes and reference materials) 18
Psychological factors involving in information system design - Perception - Bias - Attitudes - Risk-Taking Tendencies - Willingness to change - Stress - Culture - Motivation - Flexibility - Information Overload - Optimism/Pessimism 19
Organization chart including common MIS jobs and typical relationships among them Vice President of MIS/ Chief Information Officer Telecommunication Data Administration Data Processing Director Manager of Manager of Computer Manager of Manager of System Programming Operations information office Development manager center automation System System Computer Consultants Staff Programmers Operators Analyst Trainers Application Data-entry Product Programmers operators managers System Technicians Librarian 20
MIS personnel in an organization - Computer Operations Personnel - Computer Operations Manager - Computer Operators - Data-entry Personnel - System Librarians - System Analysts - Programmers - Information Center Personnel - Office automation Personnel - Database Administrators - Telecommunication & network managers 21
open system Management Actions stimuli DSS feedback Decisions Decision Maker Data Computer Information data 22
Basic symbols used to draw Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Source or destination of data Process transforming data Data store Data flow 23
Employee file Pay rates Data flow Names Rates diagram of Hours Hours worked a payroll worked Employee Validation Compute system Check gross Gross Payments pay Personnel data Check details Deductions Tax Tables Produce Compute Determine check net pay deduction Payments and Disbursement Social Security data deductions amounts 24 Accounting record Payments and deductions
Graphical model of strategic-planning processes in organization Mission of Organization Organizational External Environment Profile Analysis Strategic Analysis and strategy determination Long term Master objectives Plan Annual Operating Policies objectives Plan Strategy Implementation 25
Relationships among strategic goals, functional departmental goals and MIS goals Strategic Planning Process Strategic goals for total organization set by top level managers Functional MIS areas department MIS sets goals based on Corporate goals are used to corporate and functional set goals in each area area goals 26
Organization wide Critical Success Factors (CSF) - Consistently produce high-quality products - Maintain inventories to satisfy customer demand - Continually innovate purchasing, production and distribution process - Continually develop successful new products - Handle special orders and customized products - Increase employee productivity - Project a positive image in community, market and industry - Expand operations and distribution channels in all parts of the world - Provide high levels of customer service 27
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