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A RCHITECTURAL S TRUCTURES : F ORM, B EHAVIOR, AND D ESIGN ARCH 331 D R. A NNE N ICHOLS S PRING 2018 lecture twenty one steel construction: nrmc.org bolted & welded connections Steel Bolts & Welding 1 Architectural Structures

  1. A RCHITECTURAL S TRUCTURES : F ORM, B EHAVIOR, AND D ESIGN ARCH 331 D R. A NNE N ICHOLS S PRING 2018 lecture twenty one steel construction: nrmc.org bolted & welded connections Steel Bolts & Welding 1 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  2. Connections • needed to: – support beams by columns – connect truss members – splice beams or columns • transfer load • subjected to – tension or compression – shear – bending Steel Bolts & Welding 2 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  3. Bolts • bolted steel connections http://courses.civil.ualberta.ca Steel Bolts & Welding 3 Architectural Structures S2018abn (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  4. Welds • welded steel connections http://courses.civil.ualberta.ca Steel Bolts & Welding 4 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  5. Bolts • types – materials • high strength • A307, A325, A490 – location of threads • included - N • excluded - X – bearing or friction (SC) • always tightened Steel Bolts & Welding 5 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  6. Bolted Connection Design • considerations – bearing stress • yielding – shear stress • single & double – member • rupture Steel Bolts & Welding 6 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  7. Bolts • rarely fail in bearing • holes considered 1/8” larger R • shear & tension    R n R R  a u v n   0 . 75 – single shear or tension v  R F A n n b – double shear  R F 2 A n n b Steel Bolts & Welding 7 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  8. Bolts http://www.fastenal.com Steel Bolts & Welding 8 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  9. Bolts R • bearing    R n R R  a u n   0 . 7 5 – deformation is concern   1 2 2 4 R . L tF . d tF n c u u – deformation isn’t concern   1 5 3 0 R . L tF . d tF n c u u – long slotted holes   1 0 2 0 R . L tF . d tF n c u u L c – clear length to edge or next hole (ex. 1¼”, 3”) Steel Bolts & Welding 9 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  10. Bolts Steel Bolts & Welding 10 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 121 ARCH 331

  11. Welded Connection Design • considerations – shear stress – yielding – rupture Steel Bolts & Welding 11 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  12. Welded Connection Design • weld terms – butt weld – fillet weld – plug weld – throat • field welding • shop welding (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Steel Bolts & Welding 12 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  13. Welded Connection Design • weld process – melting of material – melted filler - electrode – shielding gas / flux – potential defects • weld materials – E60XX – E70XX F EXX = 70 ksi Steel Bolts & Welding 13 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  14. Welded Connection Design • shear failure assumed • throat – T = 0.707 x weld size • area – A = T x length of weld • weld metal generally stronger than base metal (ex. F y = 50 ksi) Steel Bolts & Welding 14 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  15. Welded Connection Design 5 7 8 3 16 5 316 16 8 • minimum – table • maximum – material thickness ( to ¼”) – 1/16” less • min. length – 4 x size min. – ≥ 1 ½” Steel Bolts & Welding 15 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  16. Welded Connection Design R • shear    R n R R  a u n   0 . 7 5   R 0 . 6 F T l S l n E X X area – table for  S Steel Bolts & Welding 16 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  17. Framed Beam Connections • angles – bolted – welded Steel Bolts & Welding 17 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  18. Framed Beam Connections • terms – coping (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Steel Bolts & Welding 18 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  19. Framed Beam Connections • tables for standard bolt sizes & spacings • # bolts • bolt diameter, angle leg thickness • bearing on beam web Steel Bolts & Welding 19 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  20. Framed Beam Connections • welded example (shear) (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Steel Bolts & Welding 20 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  21. Framed Beam Connections • welded moment example (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Steel Bolts & Welding 21 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  22. Framed Beam Connections • welded/bolted moment example (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Steel Bolts & Welding 22 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  23. Framed Beam Connections • welded/bolted moment example (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Steel Bolts & Welding 23 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  24. Beam Connections • LRFD provisions – shear yielding – shear rupture – block shear rupture – tension yielding – tension rupture – local web buckling – lateral torsional buckling Steel Bolts & Welding 24 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  25. Beam Connections   0 . 7 5     R 0 . 6 F A U F A 0 . 6 F A U F A n u n v b s u n t y g v b s u n t – where U bs is 1 for uniform tensile stress block shear rupture tension rupture Steel Bolts & Welding 25 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  26. Other Connections • seated beam • continuous – beam to column – beam to beam Steel Bolts & Welding 26 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  27. Other Connections • splices The Royal Ontario Museum Toronto . Canada Daniel Libeskind (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) http://courses.civil.ualberta.ca Steel Bolts & Welding 27 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  28. Other Connections • rigid frame knees • gussets & joints (AISC - Steel Structures of the Everyday) Steel Bolts & Welding 28 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

  29. Other Connections • base plates – anchor bolts – bearing on steel – bending of plate http://courses.civil.ualberta.ca Steel Bolts & Welding 29 Architectural Structures S2018abn Lecture 21 ARCH 331

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