Traveling The PIVOT FOOT is what matters!!! If the pivot foot is lifted the ball MUST be passed or shot before it returns to the floor. 4-44 How to establish a pivot foot Traveling is moving a foot or feet in any direction in excess of prescribed limits while holding the ball. The limits on foot movements are as follows: ART. 1 Traveling is moving a foot or feet in any direction in excess of prescribed limits while holding the ball. The limits on foot movements are as follows: A player who catches the ball with both feet on the floor, may pivot using either foot. When one foot is lifted, the other is the pivot foot. Art 2 A player, who catches the ball while moving or dribbling, may stop, and establish a pivot foot as follows: a. If both feet are off the floor and the player lands: 1. Simultaneously on both feet, either foot may be the pivot. 2. On one foot followed by the other, the first foot to touch is the pivot. 3. On one foot, the player may jump off that foot and simultaneously land on both. Neither foot can be a pivot in this case. b. If one foot is on the floor: 1. It is the pivot when the other foot touches in a step. 2. The player may jump off that foot and simultaneously land on both. Neither foot can be a pivot in this case. ART. 3 Traveling is moving a foot or feet in any direction in excess of prescribed limits while holding the ball. The limits on foot movements are as follows:
After coming to a stop and establishing a pivot foot: a. The pivot foot may be lifted, but not returned to the floor, before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal. b. If the player jumps, neither foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal. c. The pivot foot may not be lifted before the ball is released to start a dribble. ART. 4 Traveling is moving a foot or feet in any direction in excess of prescribed limits while holding the ball. The limits on foot movements are as follows: After coming to a stop when neither foot can be a pivot: a. One or both feet may be lifted, but may not be returned to the floor before the ball is released on a pass or try for goal. b. Neither foot may be lifted before the ball is released, to start a dribble. ART. 5 Traveling is moving a foot or feet in any direction in excess of prescribed limits while holding the ball. The limits on foot movements are as follows: A player holding the ball: a. May not touch the floor with a knee or any other part of the body other than hand or foot. b. After gaining control while on the floor and touching with other than hand or foot, may not attempt to get up or stand. Number of feet touching the floor while holding the ball: Zero – player may land either on one foot or both. If simultaneously lands on both, then either foot may become the pivot, if land on one, then see below. One - may establish a pivot by touching the other foot to the floor or jump off of one and land on two. May not hop from one to one.
Two – may never jump from two to two or two to one. Question 1: A1 is in the corner of the court. He receives a pass from A2 while moving behind the 3-pt line. A1 catches the pass with one foot on the floor. He jumps off that foot and lands on both feet in the corner of the court. A1 now jumps into the air and shoots. Has A1 traveled? Question 2: A5 catches a pass in the post (on the block) with his back to the goal. A5 has both feet on the court. A5 steps away from the FT lane with his right foot, then reverses direction and steps into the FT lane with this same foot. He now lifts his left foot and extends it past his right foot in order to move across the FT lane and attempt a hook shot. A5 releases the try before his left foot touches the floor. Has A5 traveled? Question 3: A4 catches a pass in the post. He has both feet on the court. A4 steps around his defender with his left foot and then brings his right foot along side of this one and proceeds to jump off of both feet for short jump shot. Has A4 traveled? Types of Fouls in NFHS Let’s first state that there are TWO basic types of fouls for high school (NFHS) games: (1) Personal and (2) Technical. That’s it. Whenever you call a foul it MUST be one of those two types and here is the important point—it can NEVER be both! It has to be only one or the other. So how do you know which? By the definitions provided in Rule 4 of the rules book. By consulting 4-19-1 and 4-19-5 we see that PERSONAL fouls are those which occur during a live ball and involve physical contact by a player against an opponent, with an exception made for contact by or on an airborne shooter. That contact with an airborne shooter may occur when the ball is dead if the ball has already passed through the basket and the shooter has not yet returned to the floor and still be a personal foul. Otherwise, if you just remember contact during a live ball is a PERSONAL foul you will be fine. Conversely, any foul which doesn’t involve contact by a player or occurs during a dead ball, except for that involving an airborne shooter, has to be a TECHNICAL foul. Those are the two basic categories and everything else just describes what specific kind of personal or technical foul occurred. These modifiers and subcategories include: intentional, flagrant, common, multiple, double, simultaneous, player, team, false multiple, false double, unsporting, player- control, and team-control. That’s a lot, but fortunately what we need to know about these modifiers is fairly simple too.
1. A common foul MUST be a personal foul and cannot have any other modifiers besides player-control or team-control, per the definition given in 4-19-2. Common personal fouls which are not either player-control or team-control fouls are the only type of fouls for which the bonus free throw rule applies. All other fouls have their own FT penalties. So if it isn’t a common personal foul, don’t even think about shooting a one-and-one! 2. Unsporting fouls can only be technical by definition because 4-19-14 specifically says “noncontact technical foul.” Make special note of the word noncontact in this definition. 3. Player-control and team-control fouls are common personal fouls for which no free throws are awarded. Years ago FTs were awarded for these fouls, but not anymore. 4. All other modifiers may apply to either personal or technical fouls. 5. A foul may either intentional or flagrant, but never both. 6. A foul may be either double or multiple, but never both. This is because the word double signifies that each team committed one of the fouls and multiple denotes that the same team committed the fouls. With just the knowledge given above and knowing the definitions of the modifier terms provided in 4-19, any official can always be precise about what kind of foul is appropriate to charge based upon that action which took place. Question 4: A3 and B3 are running down the court side-by-side while A1 is dribbling the ball in the backcourt. They have been battling with each other for the past few possessions. An official observes A3 and B3 deliberately elbow each other, one immediately after the other, as they cross the division line. What types of fouls should be assessed? Question 5: A4 has the ball on a fast break. B3 is the only defender back. B3 takes a position in the FT lane in an attempt to draw a charge. After A4 goes airborne to shoot, B1 who had been chasing A4 from behind, jumps and grabs A4 around the neck and shoulders. This contact causes A4 to crash into B3 as all players tumble to the floor. B3 jumps up very angry and kicks the still down A4 in the head. A2 comes running in and two-hand shoves B3 away from his teammate, knocking him to the floor. At this point the officials and head coaches are able to get between the players and separate them. What fouls should be assessed on the play? Backcourt
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