Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility 1 October 2008 1 October 2008 Masatami Takimoto Masatami Takimoto Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation 1
Recognizing Challenges 1. Reduce Oil Consumption Reduce Oil Consumption 1. 1. Reduce Oil Consumption and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies （ ） 2 （ for prevention of global warming ） 2. Reduce CO 2 （ for prevention of global warming ） 2. Reduce CO Reduce CO 2 2. for prevention of global warming 3. Prevent Air Pollution Prevent Air Pollution 3. 3. Prevent Air Pollution 2
Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles 【 【 Six methods by which the world’s most Six methods by which the world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】 compact vehicle was achieved 】 Reverse placement of differential gear Centered take-off gearbox Reverse placement of differential gear Centered take-off gearbox Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Slimmed backs of car seats Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Slimmed backs of car seats Compact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panel Compact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panel Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO 2 lower CO emissions 2 emissions lower CO 2 emissions 3
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8 Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8 Newly- Newly- L4 L4 developed developed 1.8L 1.8L L3 L3 L4 L4 2.0L 2.0L 1.0L 1.0L 1.3L 1.3L Valvematic Valvematic New Start & New Start & system system Stop system Stop system Newly- V6 Newly- V6 V8 V8 developed 2.5L developed 2.5L 4.6L 4.6L L4 3.0L L4 3.0L 5.0L 5.0L 2.5L 3.5L 2.5L 3.5L 5.7L 5.7L 2.7L 4.0L 2.7L 4.0L Add variations of fuel- -efficient engines efficient engines Add variations of fuel Add variations of fuel-efficient engines 4
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology ＜ Weight reduction ＞ ＜ Weight reduction ＞ ＜ Improvement of fuel efficiency ＞ ＜ Improvement of fuel efficiency ＞ ■ Engine weight comparison （ ■ Engine weight comparison （ former-new) former-new) 5.0 kg/kW/L ） Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency 3.0L class 4.0L class by introducing new engines 4.0 Reduced Weight comparison by output （ weight by using ■ Fuel efficiency comparison （ former-new ） ■ Fuel efficiency comparison （ former-new ） 3.0 aluminum 2.0L class 300 material and 1.0L class 2.0 modularized parts. 1.0 g/km ） 250 Lexus RX Lexus GS 0.0 CO 2 Declared Value （ former new former new former new former new 1SZ-FE 1KR-FE 1AZ-FSE 3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE Lexus LS engine 200 ＜ Improvement of performance ＞ ＜ Improvement of performance ＞ Avensis kW/L ） 70 Performance 150 Output comparison （ improved by introducing 60 D-4S, high compression 100 ratio and new new new new former former former former 50 lowering 1ZZ-FE 2ZR-FE 1MZ-FE 2GR-FE 2JZ-GE 3GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE friction. Engine ‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08 （ year ） Achieved improvements in weight reduction, Achieved improvements in weight reduction, Achieved improvements in weight reduction, fuel efficiency and performance at the same time fuel efficiency and performance at the same time fuel efficiency and performance at the same time 5
Diesel Engine Line-up 1.4 liter 1.6 liter class 2.0-2.2 liter 2.5-3.0 liter V8 4.5 liter Debut scheduled Debut scheduled for 2012 for 2012 Million units Production Volume of Diesel Engines 1.3 Total Total 1.2 cumulative cumulative 1.0 production production 0.8 has reached has reached 0.6 0.4 20 million 20 million 0.2 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Expand line- -up and increase production up and increase production Expand line Expand line-up and increase production 6
Environmental Superiority of Hybrid Vehicles (HV) Large Gasoline Gasoline CO 2 Emission (g/km) Diesel Diesel Gasoline HV Gasoline HV LS600h LS600h RX400h RX400h GS450h GS450h Camry HV Camry HV Prius Prius Heavy Vehicle Weight (ton) EC mode HV contribute to reduced CO 2 emissions HV contribute to reduced CO 2 emissions HV contribute to reduced CO 2 emissions 7
Increase promotion of HV ( thousand ） Annual sales of Toyota HV （ world wide ） ( thousand ） Annual sales of Toyota HV （ world wide ） 1,000 1,000 900 900 800 800 700 700 600 600 500 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 ( year ） ( year ） ’ 97 ’ 98 ’ 99 ’ 00 ’ 01 ’ 02 ’ 03 ’ 04 ’ 05 ’ 06 ’ 07 ’ 08 ’ 09 ’ 97 ’ 98 ’ 99 ’ 00 ’ 01 ’ 02 ’ 03 ’ 04 ’ 05 ’ 06 ’ 07 ’ 08 ’ 09 Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand 8
Evolution of Electric Motors for HV ’ 97 Prius ’ 03 Prius ’ 05 RX400h ’ 06 GS450h ’ 07 LS600h 33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW Output density ratio Output density ratio 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Permanent Magnet Motor Permanent Magnet Motor Technology Technology Increase in voltage Increase in voltage Increase in speed Increase in speed Two-stage motor speed Two-stage motor speed reduction gear reduction gear Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight 9
Evolution of Batteries for HV Lighter RX400h ’ 03 Prius ( Square plastic package ) ( Square plastic package ) ( Square metal package ) ( Square metal package ) Mass output density (W/kg) Mass output density (W/kg) 35% 35% Improvement Improvement 30% 30% Improvement Improvement ’ 00 Prius ( Square resin package ) ( Square resin package ) ’ 97 Prius (Cylindrical) (Cylindrical) Smaller 0 Volume output density (W/ L ) Volume output density (W/ L ) Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight Increase in output density and reduction in size and weight 10
HV Competitive Performance (thousand units/year) 50 450 ◆ ◆ 400 45 Toyota HV ▲ 350 40 mpg ） ◆ Other 300 35 Fuel Economy （ Makers HV Toyota ▲ ◆ 250 ▲ ◆ 30 ▲ 200 ▲ ◆ ◆ 25 ◆ 150 ◆ ◆ ▲ ▲ 20 100 Maker A ◆ ■ ■ 15 50 ■ ◆ ◆ ■ ▲ ▲ ■ ◆ ▲ ◆ ■ ◆ ■ ● ■ ▲ ◆ ● ■ Maker BMaker C 0 10 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Vehicle Weight （ lbs ） - Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales - - Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales - Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency - Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency - Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency 11
Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle Recharge battery using an external power source Recharge battery using an external power source Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Household electricity Household electricity Engine Motor Battery Fuel Tank 12
What is a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle? Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Hybrid Hybrid Electricity Electricity 13
Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Partner ： Partner: EDF University of California Berkeley, Irvine ＜ Expected Values for EV Driving Distance ＞ ＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞ ＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞ （ Result from user questionnaires ） Data on driving in Japan Data on driving in Japan 10 10 (13km EV driving distance) (13km EV driving distance) 8 8 No Answer No Answer 10km (gasoline vehicle=1) 10km Toyota PHVs Toyota PHVs 6 6 19 ％ 19 ％ Fuel economy 22 ％ 22 ％ 4 4 Other Other 7 ％ 7 ％ Prius Prius 2 2 20 ％ 30 ％ 30 ％ Level of gasoline vehicles Level of gasoline vehicles 0 0 20km 20km 20 40 60 20 40 60 40km 40km Driving distance after battery charged (km) Driving distance after battery charged (km) Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA � confirming improved fuel efficiency for plug � � confirming improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles confirming improved fuel efficiency for plug- -in hybrid vehicles in hybrid vehicles 14
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