Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility September 5, 2008 September 5, 2008 Kazuo Okamoto Kazuo Okamoto Toyota Motor Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation 1
Toyota’s Actions Toyota’s Actions Focused on Rapid Changes Today Focused on Rapid Changes Today 2
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 (1.0 ℓ Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 (1.0 ℓ ) through V8 ) through V8 Newly- Newly- L4 L4 developed developed 1.8 ℓ 1.8 ℓ L3 L3 L4 L4 2.0 ℓ 2.0 ℓ 1.0 ℓ 1.0 ℓ 1.3 ℓ 1.3 ℓ Valvematic Valvematic New Start & New Start & system system Stop system Stop system Newly- V6 Newly- V6 V8 V8 2.5 ℓ 2.5 ℓ developed developed 4.6 ℓ 4.6 ℓ 3.0 ℓ 3.0 ℓ L4 L4 5.0 ℓ 5.0 ℓ 2.5 ℓ 3.5 ℓ 2.5 ℓ 3.5 ℓ 5.7 ℓ 5.7 ℓ 2.7 ℓ 4.0 ℓ 2.7 ℓ 4.0 ℓ Add variations of fuel- -efficient engines efficient engines Add variations of fuel Add variations of fuel-efficient engines 3
Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology ＜ Weight reduction ＞ ＜ Weight reduction ＞ ＜ Improvement of fuel efficiency ＞ ＜ Improvement of fuel efficiency ＞ ■ Engine weight comparison （ ■ Engine weight comparison （ former-new) former-new) 5.0 ） Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency kg/kW/ ℓ class 4.0 ℓ class 3.0 ℓ by introducing new engines 4.0 Reduced Weight comparison by output （ weight by using ■ Fuel efficiency comparison （ former-new ） ■ Fuel efficiency comparison （ former-new ） 3.0 aluminum 2.0 ℓ class 3 0 material, and 1.0 ℓ class 2.0 modularized Corolla parts. mpg ） 1.0 2 5 Camry(V6) Fuel economy label （ 0.0 Lexus GS former new former new former new former new 1SZ-FE 1KR-FE 1AZ-FSE 3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE Lexus LS engine 2 0 ＜ Improvement of performance ＞ ＜ Improvement of performance ＞ ） kW/ ℓ 70 Performance 1 5 Output comparison （ improved by introducing 60 D-4S, high compression 1 0 ratio, and new new new new former former former former 50 lowering 1ZZ-FE 2ZR-FE 3MZ-FE 2GR-FE 1JZ-GE 3GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FE friction. Engine ‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08 （ year ） Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency, Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency, Achieved improvement in weight reduction, fuel efficiency, and in performance at the same time and in performance at the same time and in performance at the same time 4
Expansion of promoting Hybrid Vehicles (HV) ( thousand ） Annual sales of Toyota HV （ world wide ） ( thousand ） Annual sales of Toyota HV （ world wide ） 1 , 0 0 0 1 , 0 0 0 9 0 0 9 0 0 8 0 0 8 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 0 6 0 0 6 0 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ’ 9 7 ’ 9 ’ 9 8 ’ 9 ’ 9 9 ’ 0 ’ 0 0 ’ 0 ’ 0 1 ’ 0 ’ 0 2 ’ 0 ’ 0 3 ’ 0 ’ 0 4 ’ 0 ’ 0 5 ’ 0 ’ 0 6 ’ 0 ’ 0 7 ’ 0 ’ 0 8 ’ 0 ’ 0 9 ’ 9 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ( year ） ( year ） Accelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demand Accelerate promoting hybrid models to satisfy market demand 5
Actions Focused on Mid-Long Term Actions Focused on Mid-Long Term 6
Recognizing Challenges １ ． １ １ ． ． Reducing Oil Consumption Reducing Oil Consumption Reducing Oil Consumption and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies ２ ． ２ ． ２ ． （ ） 2 （ for preventing global warming ） Reducing CO 2 （ for preventing global warming ） Reducing CO 2 Reducing CO for preventing global warming ３ ． ３ ． ３ ． Prevention of Air Pollution Prevention of Air Pollution Prevention of Air Pollution 7
Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles 【 【 Six methods by which world’s most Six methods by which world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】 compact vehicle was achieved 】 Differential gear reverse placement Center take-off gearbox Differential gear reverse placement Center take-off gearbox Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Slimmed seat backs Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor Slimmed seat backs Compact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panel Compact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panel Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO 2 lower CO emissions 2 emissions lower CO 2 emissions 8
Environmental Superiority of HV Large Gasoline Gasoline CO 2 Emission (g/km) Diesel Diesel Gasoline HV Gasoline HV LS600h LS600h RX400h RX400h GS450h GS450h Camry HV Camry HV Prius Prius Heavy Vehicle Weight (ton) EC mode HVs contribute to reduced CO contribute to reduced CO 2 emissions HVs 2 emissions HVs contribute to reduced CO 2 emissions 9
Evolution of Electric Motors for HV ’ 97 Prius ’ 03 Prius ’ 05 RX400h ’ 06 GS450h ’ 07 LS600h 33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW Output density ratio Output density ratio 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Permanent Magnet Motor Permanent Magnet Motor Technology Technology Increasing voltage Increasing voltage Increasing speed Increasing speed Two-stage motor speed Two-stage motor speed reduction gear reduction gear Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density 10
Evolution of Batteries for HV Lighter RX400h ’ 03 Prius ( Square plastic package ) ( Square plastic package ) ( Square metal package ) ( Square metal package ) Mass output density (W/kg) Mass output density (W/kg) 35% 35% Improvement Improvement 30% 30% Improvement Improvement ’ 00 Prius ( Square resin package ) ( Square resin package ) ’ 97 Prius (Cylindrical) (Cylindrical) Smaller 0 Volume output density (W/ ℓ Volume output density (W/ ℓ ) ) Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density Reducing size and weight by increasing output density 11
HV Competitiveness of HV With Other Car makers (thousand units/year) 50 450 ◆ ◆ 400 45 Toyota HV ▲ 350 ） 40 ｇ ◆ ｍｐ Other 300 35 Makers HV Toyota Fuel Economy （ ▲ ◆ 250 ▲ ◆ 30 ▲ 200 ▲ ◆ ◆ 25 ◆ 150 ◆ ◆ ▲ ▲ 20 100 Maker Ａ ◆ ■ ■ 15 50 ■ ◆ ◆ ■ ▲ ▲ ■ ◆ ▲ ◆ ■ ◆ ■ ● ■ ▲ ◆ ● ■ Maker BMaker C 0 10 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 Vehicle Weight （ ｌ ｂ ｓ ） - Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales - - Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales - Toyota HV superiors other makers - Toyota HV superiors other makers’ ’ HV in fuel efficiency HV in fuel efficiency - Toyota HV superiors other makers’ HV in fuel efficiency 12
Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Recharging battery using an external power source Recharging battery using an external power source Short distance:EV, Long distance:HV Short distance:EV, Long distance:HV Household electricity Household electricity Engine Motor Battery Fuel Tank 13
What is Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle? Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Short distance: EV Long distance: HV Hybrid Hybrid Electricity Electricity 14
Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Partner ： Partner: EDF University of California Berkeley, Irvine ＜ Expected Values for EV Driving Distance ＞ ＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞ ＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞ （ Result of the user questionnaires ） Data on driving in Japan Data on driving in Japan 10 10 (13km EV driving distance) (13km EV driving distance) 8 8 No Answer No Answer 10km (gasoline vehicle=1) 10km Toyota PHVs Toyota PHVs 6 6 19 ％ 19 ％ Fuel economy 22 ％ 22 ％ 4 4 Other Other 7 ％ 7 ％ Prius Prius 2 2 20 ％ 30 ％ 30 ％ Level of gasoline vehicles Level of gasoline vehicles 0 0 20km 20km 20 40 60 20 40 60 40km 40km Driving distance after battery charged (km) Driving distance after battery charged (km) Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA ⇒ confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug ⇒ ⇒ confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug- -in hybrid vehicles in hybrid vehicles 15
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