<Thailand Automotive Summit 2015> Toyota’s Development of Environmental Toyota’s Development of Environmental Technologies for Sustainable Mobility Technologies for Sustainable Mobility 24 June. 2015 Yasuki Nakagawa Toyota Motor Asia Pacific Engineering & Manufacturing Co., LTD. (TMAP-EM)
3 Contents Toyota’s environmental technology 1 development concept Energy-saving initiatives (conservation) 2 Conventional vehicles (gasoline, diesel), hybrid vehicles Fuel diversification initiatives 3 Plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles
4 Contents Toyota’s environmental technology 1 development concept Energy-saving initiatives (conservation) 2 Conventional vehicles (gasoline, diesel), hybrid vehicles Fuel diversification initiatives 3 Plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles
5 Current challenges facing the automotive industry Globalization of industry and technology since the 20 th century Uncertainty over future petroleum supplies Increasing CO 2 emissions Massive use (global warming) of fossil fuels Increasing air pollution Increase in number of vehicles
6 Toyota’s fundamental approach Energy conservation Fuel diversification Green vehicles can only contribute significantly to the environmental issues when they are widely used.
7 Contents Toyota’s environmental technology 1 development concept Energy-saving initiatives (conservation) 2 Conventional vehicles (gasoline, diesel), hybrid vehicles Fuel diversification initiatives 3 Plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles
8 To improve fuel efficiency What is the most efficient way to turn each drop of fuel into energy and move the vehicle with that energy? Reducing running Improving powertrain efficiency resistance Improving drivetrain efficiency Improving engine thermal efficiency Reducing air resistance How do we deliver energy, the source of How do we change power, most efficiently each drop of fuel to the wheels? into engine revolutions Reducing weight with the highest efficiency? Effective ways to increase fuel efficiency: Improving engine thermal efficiency Effective ways to increase fuel efficiency: Improving engine thermal efficiency & Enhancing drivetrain power transfer efficiency & Enhancing drivetrain power transfer efficiency
9 Powertrain Development concept -������������ &������������ Good ��$$������� Good ��� �$���� )311,-�. &���������� -��2����0����� /��������/�����/#���$ &��������� ��$$������� ��"���$�������������� &��/ )*�1,-�. ����� &-�5������#������� ����� performance /����������0����� &�� performance &-5������#������� ����� &'(���� �� � ��$$������� ��"�6������� ��"�6������� ��� )*+�,-�. Driving ��"�������������� �����%�����22������%� Driving �����%��� &'(���� �� � �����#������� ����� ��������45 �7�������� ���%���!����� '������ �������#�� ' 3 ������ Fuel efficiency Good Fuel efficiency Good �����$������ Good ��� ����������� �!������������ ��� Driving performance ��� ������� ���������� ��� ��"� �������#���� ����� ������������ ��� ������� ��� Fuel efficiency Good Engines and transmissions are revamped through ongoing incorporation of new technologies. Engines and transmissions are revamped through ongoing incorporation of new technologies.
10 Types of hybrid systems Series hybrid Parallel hybrid Series parallel hybrid Toyota Hybrid System Batteries Transmission Motor Motor Inverter Batteries Inverter Batteries Inverter Motor Generator Generator Engine Engine Engine The engine and electric motor Depending on driving conditions, The engine operates the generator, drive the wheels. When the the engine and the electric motor and electric motor drives the wheels electric motor is generating power, can work together, or the motor with the generated power it can’t be used for driving the wheels alone can propel the vehicle Mechanical power route Electrical power route Toyota’s hybrids: series parallel hybrids Toyota’s hybrids: series parallel hybrids
11 Toyota Hybrid System: Reasons for higher fuel efficiency Conventional engine Toyota hybrid system Improved thermal efficiency by Torque Torque Atkinson cycle High High HV Engine stops where thermal Low Low efficiency is low. Vehicle is only CVT propelled by electric motor Thermal efficiency Thermal efficiency distribution 6AT distribution 5AT Frequent engine use Engine operates in distribution higher thermally efficient area Engine RPM Engine RPM
12 Development of hybrid technology Motor EV PCU Battery HV Engine Fuel tank Motor PCU Battery Motor PHV PCU Generator Battery Generator Fuel Engine tank Engine Fuel tank Motor FCV PCU Battery Fuel Hydrogen cell tank Hybrid technology underpins Toyota’s PHVs, EVs, and FCVs.
13 Contents Toyota’s environmental technology 1 development concept Energy-saving initiatives (conservation) 2 Conventional vehicles (gasoline, diesel), hybrid vehicles Fuel diversification initiatives 3 Plug-in hybrid vehicles, electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles
14 Diversification of automotive fuels and powertrains Primary energy Automotive fuels Powertrains sources Oil conservation Conventional Gasoline vehicles Oil and Diesel hybrid vehicles CNG 、 、 FFV 、 、 Natural gas Gaseous fuels Fuel diversification Plants Biofuels PHV Coal Synthetic fuels EV Uranium Electricity Hydro, solar, Hydrogen FCV geothermal electricity generation
15 Characteristics of alternative fuels Electricity Hydrogen Biofuels Natural gas Internal combustion FCV Internal combustion EV engines engines Poor Poor Poor Good Well-to-wheel CO 2 to excellent to excellent to excellent Supply volume Excellent Excellent Poor Good Cruising range Poor Excellent Excellent Good Fueling/charging time Poor Excellent Excellent Excellent Dedicated infrastructure Good Poor Excellent Good Strengths of individual alternative fuels
16 Fuel diversity and uses FCVs HV/PHVs EVs None route buses Passenger cars Route buses Full-size trucks Vehicle size (Public Transportation) HVs Home delivery Short-distance FC buses vehicles commuter vehicles Home delivery EV trucks s FCVs PHVs Personal mobility Travel distance Fuel Gasoline, diesel, biofuels, CNG, synthetic fuels, etc. Hydrogen Electricity EVs: Short-distance, HVs & PHVs: Wide-use, FCVs: Medium-to-long distance
17 For Thailand CNG, Bio fuel (E85/FFV) 2008 2012 Camry 2012 Camry Corolla Yaris Vios Avanza Bio Fuel Corolla E85-FFV FFV Bio Diesel Fortuner Vigo HIace Vigo CNG Corolla CNG Natural Gas CNG
18 Pros and cons of EVs Disadvantages Advantages Zero emissions when driven Shorter range Quiet High battery costs Rechargeable from household outlet Long charging time Need for rapid charger infrastructure EVs are appropriate for short-distance commuting and fleet use.
19 Innovative car sharing system by Evs (Ha:mo project) Drive little when you want to: ”Ha:mo RIDE” Ultra-compact EV enables easy drive through narrow Can drop-off Easy to transfer streets in more ecology nearby the goal from/to other public way transportation Home Goal Length ： 2.4m Width ： 1.1m Occupants ： 1 person Recharging time ： 6hrs Cruising range ： 50km Maximum speed ： 60km/h Next-generation urban transport system which combines ultra-compact Next-generation urban transport system which combines ultra-compact electric vehicle with public transportation electric vehicle with public transportation
20 PHV characteristics Use as EV for short distances, HV for long distances Mid and long No concern about battery running out distance Holiday Can be recharged easily with household electricity Short distance Daily HV-mode driving Leisure, long-distance, holiday Charge at home EV-mode driving Commuting and daily use PHVs are the result of the integration and innovation of HV and EV technologies.
Recommend
More recommend
