Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Towards Reliable Traffic Classification Using Visual Motifs Wilson Lian 1 John McHugh 1 , 2 Fabian Monrose 1 1 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2 RedJack, LLC FloCon 2010 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Overview Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Motivation Internet Network Administrator Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Motivation d3b07384d113e... 7d8ad5cb9c940... GET /index.ht... MAIL FROM: foo@... d41d8cd98f00b... d41d8cd98f00b... Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Goals Port 22 Port 25 36fd6d8c3f5af4... Port 22 MAIL FROM: foo@... Port 25 Port 22 fc2394c1a922... f98698466c3ef... Port 25 Port 22 f4d6d8c3f5a36... ef8698466c3f9... Port 25 222394c1a9fc... Port 22 DATA\r\nSubject: fo... Port 25 5ad6d8c3ff436... Port 22 f98698466c3ef... a92394c122fc... Port 1214 Port 80 113edec49eaa... Port 80 Port 1214 b314caafaa3e... b314caafaa3e... 006f7b3db8f4f... Port 80 Port 1214 POST /login.ph... aa3edec49e11... Port 80 Port 1214 b314caafaa3e... Port 80 4f006f7b3db8f0... Port 1214 Port 80 POST /AuthSv... Port 1214 9e3edec4aa11... GET /index.ht... b8006f7b3d4ff0... Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Assumptions Reliable transport via TCP Stream Cipher No access to payload Length preservation Negligible packet loss & retransmission Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Related Work Scatter (and other) Plots for Visualizing User Profiling Data and Network Traffic , Goldring 2004. Using Visual Motifs to Classify Encrypted Traffic , Wright et al. 2006 Intelligent Classification and Visualization of Network Scans Muelder et al. 2008. FloVis: A Network Security Visualization Framework , Taylor 2009. Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Timeline Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Timeline Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Timeline Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Timeline Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Timeline Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Timeline Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Timeline Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Unigram Heatmaps Image credit: Wright et al. 2006 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Bigram Heatmaps Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Heatmap Construction Client Server SYN 48 bytes SYN-ACK 48 bytes (48, -48) 48 ACK 40 bytes (-48, 40) -48 HTTP Request 891 bytes (40, 891) 40 (891, -40) 891 Time (-40, -270) -40 40 bytes -270 (-270, -1500) 270 bytes -1500 1500 bytes (-1500, 40) 40 (40, -1500) 40 bytes -1500 (-1500, 40) 40 1500 bytes 40 bytes Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Heatmap Construction (40, 891) (-48, 40) (48, -48) (-1500, 40) (40, 891) (-48, 40) (40, 891) (-1500, 40) (891, -40) (-40, -270) (-270, -1500) (-1500, 40) (48, -48) (40, -1500) (-40, -270) (891, -40) (-1500, 40) (-270, -1500) (40, -1500) Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Heatmap Construction (40, 891) (-48, 40) (48, -48) 3/9 = 33.3% (-1500, 40) (40, 891) 1/9 = 11.1% (-48, 40) (40, 891) (-1500, 40) (891, -40) (-40, -270) (-270, -1500) (-1500, 40) (48, -48) (40, -1500) (-40, -270) 2/9 = 22.2% 3/9 = 33.3% (891, -40) (-1500, 40) (-270, -1500) (40, -1500) Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Heatmap Construction Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Bigram Heatmaps Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Modeling Protocol Behavior (40, 891) (-48, 40) 3/9 = 33.3% (-1500, 40) (40, 891) 1/9 = 11.1% (-1500, 40) 1 2 (48, -48) (-40, -270) 2/9 = 22.2% 3/9 = 33% (891, -40) (-270, -1500) (40, -1500) 3 4 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Modeling Protocol Behavior 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Probability 0.5 .333 .333 0.4 0.3 .222 0.2 .111 0.1 0 0 1 2 3 4 Bin Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Comparing Protocol Models 1 0.9 0.8 .700 0.7 0.6 Probability 0.5 0.4 .333 .333 0.3 .222 .150 0.2 .111 .100 .050 0.1 1 2 3 4 Bin Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Comparing Protocol Models n � A total = A k k =1 n � B total = B k k =1 n � � A i B i � � � Score A ↔ B = − � � A total B total � � i =1 n 1 � = | A i · B total − B i · A total | A total · B total i =1 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Comparing Protocol Models Score = .233+.589+.072+.283 = 1.177 .700 Probability .333 .333 .222 .150 .111 .100 .050 0 1 2 3 4 5 |.222-.150| = .072 Di fg erence |.333-.100| = .233 |.333-.050| = .283 |.111-.700| = .589 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Comparing Protocol Models 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Probability 0.5 .400 0.4 .333 .333 .300 0.3 .222 .150 .150 0.2 .111 0.1 1 2 3 4 Bin Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Comparing Protocol Models 0.7 Score = .067+.039+.072+.033 = .211 0.6 0.5 Probability .400 0.4 .333 .333 .300 0.3 .222 0.2 .150 .150 .111 0.1 -0 0 1 2 3 4 5 |.333-.300| = .033 |.111-.150| = .039 Di fg erence -0.1 |.333-.400| = .067 |.222-.150| = .072 -0.2 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
Background Visual Motifs Traffic Classification Evaluation Classifying Samples: Easy as 1-2-3 1 Create training models for desired protocols 2 Build distribution for sample network trace 3 Find training model with lowest difference score n � A i B i � � � � Score A ↔ B = − � � A total B total � � i =1 n 1 � = | A i · B total − B i · A total | A total · B total i =1 Wilson Lian, John McHugh, Fabian Monrose Towards Reliable Traffic Classification UsingVisual Motifs
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