Key terms to revise : Topics and questions I should revise/answer: - Endogenous factor Factors affect the character of a place - Exogenous factor - Globalisation > Endogenous and endogenous factors > Factors that have affected London’s - Investment - Migration character. - Placelessness How are we connected to the rest of the world? - Clone towns - Localisation - What does globalisation mean? - How globalisation has made the world smaller. Why do places change? - Explain how investment and migration can change places. - Explain the positive and negative impacts of these changes. Can a place be placeless? - Explain what clone town means. - Explain how placelesness can occur with examples - Explain how localisation can fight against placelesness.
Sometimes the term ‘character of A factor that affects character of place’ is used to describe what a place from within a place is an place is like and what makes it endogenous factor. These can also be unique and different to other place. called internal factors. If it is Places are affected by a number of something from outside a place, then different factors. it is external to a place, and it is called an exogenous factor. Endogenous factors can be physical geographical features as well as human features. These include what the land is used for (e.g. for shopping, for residential areas, for farming), what sort of jobs people have, whether the land is flat or hilly, or what the people who live there are like (age, ethnicity) Exogenous factors are generally how one place is linked to other places and the relationships with other places. Examples include migration (people moving to a place), trading relationships between places (people buying and selling goods), investment (people putting money into an area for profit) and the exchange of ideas and culture, for example music and food.
Clue Card 1 As a result of a diverse mix of people in London we are lucky to have a range of cuisine (types of food) available to us across London. An example of a place with such a diverse range of food is Tooting market, where you can try Morrocan, Greek, Japanese and Lebanese food to name just a few! Good transport links mean that lots of people are able to get around the city much more easily. London has many transport methods such as Built environment refers to what the cycle lanes, the tube, buildings look like in a place. In London over ground trains there are lots of high rise buildings and buses. As a and terraced housing. This reflects result, lots of people the very dense population of 1510 people per square kilometre. (how visit and live in many people live in a km squared) London. which means it is very busy
Clue Card 2 Physical features such as rivers have been crucial in the Having an ethnically diverse population means development of some large cities. The River Thames that you can experience lots of different helped London develop into the large city it is today. cultures within one place and often makes Some people believe that the Romans may have been influenced people much more open-minded. London is by the Thames when they were choosing where to build London considered as one of the most diverse cities and through history it has been an important trade route. in the world. Migration plays a role in creating this diversity, and in 2011 37% of people living in London were not born in the UK. London is a city with many employment opportunities in high paid jobs. Today 350,000 people in London are employed in the financial sector which is one of the highest earning industries. In 2014 around 45% of graduate jobs (for people just leaving university) in the UK were based in London. As there are lots of high paid jobs, this means there are more wealthy and middle-class people which can influence certain areas of London. However it also means there are greater inequalities (differences between rich and poor)
Local refers to places close to us, for There are many ways that example our school is in the local area of Wandsworth. places around the world are National refers to the country a connected. There are place is located in. The government connections on a local, is national as it governs the whole of the UK. International means that it is national and international between countries, for example scale. there is an Aldi in Balham which is a company originally from Germany, Places can change as a result of processes at a local, national and international scale. Local councils can shape a place, for instance how often they collect recycling or what traffic controls they put in place. At a national level, places can be affected by government decisions such as shutting down factories or investing in certain areas. An example of how a place can be affected on an international scale as a result of trade between different countries.
STRETCH: IS THE WORLD SHRINKING? Ships have transported goods Some people say that the world is shrinking. This around the world for centuries. In doesn’t mean that the world is actually shrinking in size, the past goods were carried in but since places are becoming increasingly separate bags and boxes. Loading interconnected it feels like places are much closer and unloading of goods was slow together than they used to be. This is the result of a and required hard work and process known as globalisation. This involves the flow of people, goods, ideas and money worldwide. spent more time in a port than at sea! This resulted in global Globalisation is quite a complex web of trade being very expensive as it was too slow and inefficient. interdependence, connecting people and places all Now we use shipping containers that are easily carried by around the world. We are all touched by this growing lorries and loaded directly onto huge ships. Now ships are interconnection. There are a number of reasons why able to transport goods on a much larger scale, faster and globalisation is happening faster now than ever before. more efficiently. This has resulted in economic globalisation. As well as this the increase in transnational companies, which are companies that operate in more than one country e.g. Nike, Apple and MacDonalds, has resulted in more economic connections. News and events spread around the world quickly, as well as worldwide release of music and films, and this results in cultural globalisation. Increasingly places, particularly cities, are becoming multicultural and diverse. Migration (people moving from one place to another) is one factor that causes this, as well as global tourism playing an important role. Huge improvements in technology has meant we are Finally there are organisations such as the United Nations that much more connected to other people and places make decisions on a global scale, such as the Human Rights through communication such as the internet and Charter, that are beyond national governments, which mobile phones. Social media and communication contribute to political globalisation. They enforce the same laws or rules to countries all over the world, rather than media such as Facetime and Skype has made it much countries making their own rules and laws. easier to contact people on the other side of the world, resulting in social globalisation.
CORE: IS THE WORLD SHRINKING? Some people say that the world is shrinking. This In the past goods were carried in doesn’t mean that the world is actually shrinking in size, separate bags and boxes. Loading but since places are becoming increasingly and unloading of goods was slow interconnected it feels like places are much closer and required hard work. This together than they used to be. This is the result of a resulted in global trade being very process known as globalisation . Globalisation connects expensive as it was too people and places all around the world. There are a number of reasons why globalisation is happening faster slow and disorganised. Now we used shipping containers that now than ever before. are easily carried by lorries and loaded directly onto huge ships. Now ships are able to transport goods on a much larger scale, faster and more efficiently. This has resulted in economic globalisation . As well as this the increase in transnational companies , which are companies that operate in more than one country e.g. Nike, Apple and MacDonalds, has resulted in more economic connections. News and events spread around the world quickly, as well as worldwide release of music and films, and this results in cultural globalisation . Increasingly places are becoming multicultural and diverse . Migration (people moving from one place to another) is one factor that causes this, as well as people going on holiday. Improvements in technology means that we are Finally there are organisations such as the United Nations that make decisions on a global scale , such as the Human more connected to other people and places through Rights Charter, that are beyond national governments, which communication such as the internet and mobile contribute to political globalisation . They enforce the same phones . Social media and communication media laws or rules to countries all over the world, rather than such as Facetime and Skype has made it much easier countries making their own rules and laws. to contact people on the other side of the world, resulting in social globalisation .
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