Thomas Coutrot (DARES) The collective labour relations in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Thomas Coutrot (DARES) The collective labour relations in statistical surveys WORKING CONDITIONS AND HEALTH AND SAFETY SURVEYS IN EUROPE: STOCKTAKING, CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES Experts’ seminar Brussels, 18th and 19th March 2009

Working conditions – H&S / collective labour relations (IR) • No survey (as far as I know) has been focused on the interactions between WC-H&S and IR • Surveys on working conditions → IR variables • Surveys on IR → working conditions variables

Working conditions – H&S / collective labour relations (IR): research questions • do WC influence IR ? (presence & activity of personnel representatives, negotiations themes …) • do IR influence WC ? (prevention policies, workers’ power, workers’ knowledge…) • Ideal instrument: longitudinal survey of establishments , representatives and workers, with WC and IR variables…

Surveys on working conditions : EWCS • European WC survey • « Over the past 12 months have you been consulted about changes in the organisation of work and/or your working conditions ? (47% EU, 27% Portugal, 43% FR, 83% Nederlands,72% Finland: learning organisations) • « Have you discussed work-related problems with an employee representative ? » (25% EU, 30% Eastern countries, Ireland and UK, 16-19% in continental and southern countries) • 15% in enterprises from 2 to 9 employees, 28% > 250 employees

Surveys on working conditions : EWCS Formes d’organisation du travail et types de représentation (% des salariés de chaque classe d’organisation du travail ayant la possibilité de discussions sur les conditions de travail ou sur l’organisation du travail) Organisations Organisations Organisations Organisations Ensemble apprenantes en lean tayloriennes de structure production simple avec représentants 43,8 53,4 37,8 31,7 43,4 du personnel Discussions sur les avec supérieurs 82,0 78,8 52,4 63,2 73,5 conditions de hiérarchiques travail ou l’organisation de manière 46,2 49,4 30,4 28,7 41,6 du travail régulière de manière 42,7 46,9 30,9 26,0 39,1 organisée Source : A. Valeyre, 2003 ; Enquête européenne sur les conditions de travail de 2000 Fondation européenne pour l’amélioration des conditions de vie et de travail.

Surveys on working conditions: SUMER - objectives: a description of exposure to working conditions as occupational hazards - the interviewers: 1 800 occupational doctors - 50 000 workers interviewed during the medical examination (« main questionnaire ») ‏ - nationally representative, private sector + public hospitals and utilities, all sizes - 25 000 self administrated questionnaires

Surveys on working conditions: SUMER Data on firms, workers, exposures & protections - only one IR variable: existence of CHSCT (H&S representatives) ‏ - 4 types of exposures • Organizational constraints • Physical constraints • Biological agents • Chemical products (exposure during last week) ‏

Is the presence of safety reps more likely in dangerous workplaces ? (Sumer 2003) - no for chemical risks (Odd-Ratio = 0,9) or physical risks (OR = 1) ‏ - but YES for organizational risks: shiftwork (OR=1,5), night work (OR=1,1), intense work (OR=1,3) ‏ - and for ionizing radiations (OR=1,3)

Are safety reps efficient in reducing occupational hazards ? (Sumer 2003) % with without All odd CHSCT CHSCT ratio Accident with day lost * 4,1 4,6 4,4 Ns « My work is bad for my health » * 29,8 23,6 26,7 1,13 Negative judgment of the occupational doctor about the prevention of… … organizational risks 19,7 17,1 18,4 1,16 … physical risks 25,1 26,1 25,6 1,10 … chemical risks 24,6 34,9 30,0 0,78 0,64 … biological risks 12,2 22,0 16,5 Source: Dares-DGT, Sumer 2003; * self-administrated questionnaire

Are safety reps efficient in reducing occupational hazards ? (Sumer 2003) % with without All odd CHSCT CHSCT ratio Workers have individual protections against… 1,18 … noise 73 60 67 … radiations 47 44 45 ns 1,19 … chemical risks 67 57 62 … biological risks 59 35 49 1,30 Source: Dares-DGT, Sumer 2003

Surveys on working conditions: French CT 2005 -18 000 workers interviewed by Insee fieldworkers - nationally representative, all sectors, all sizes -similar to EWCS - only 1 question on IR (existence of H&S reps)

The presence of safety reps is associated with stronger prevention policies (CT 2005) Establishment Establishment All Odd ratio % workers… with CHSCT without CHSCT Received some information about 25% 12% 19% 2,01 occupational risks in 12 months Received some training about 29% 9% 20% 2,72 occupational risks in 12 months Has written safety instructions 57% 25% 43% 2,68 Has been able to follow 65% 60% 63% 1,21 instructions Has had a work injury in 12 8,5% 8,2% 8,4% Ns months Does not feel capable of doing the 39% 42% 40% 0,91 same job until they reach 60 Source: Insee-Dares, Enquête Conditions de travail 2005 Source: enquête Conditions de travail 2005

Surveys on Industrial Relations: REPONSE 2004 - objectives: a description of industrial relations within establishments (private sector, > 20) ‏ - the interviewers: BVA (a private institute) ‏ - 3 000 managers (face to face interviews) ‏ - 1 600 workers representatives in the same establishments (face to face interviews) ‏ -11 000 workers (postal interviews) ‏ - working conditions variables: “working conditions reduce my commitment to work” Source: enquête Conditions de travail 2005

Presence of safety reps and IR context (Reponse 2004) ‏ • firm's size , industry (manufacturing) ‏ • conglomerate (Odds-Ratio = 1,3), public limited company (OR= 1,4) ‏ • management networks (local club of entrepreneurs, business association, …) (OR = 2,2) ‏ • union presence (OR=3,4) ‏ • labour unrest in the establishment (2 conflicts ore more in 3 years) (OR = 1,5) Source: enquête Conditions de travail 2005

Working conditions / IR characteristics (Reponse 2004) ‏ Working conditions reduce % workers affected Odds-ratio worker’s commitment to work : Employee Variables Blue collar 53 1,35 « my work is recognized » 57 0,30 Work hours >= 40 h 41 1,24 Quantitative targets 41 0,66 Meetings at work 38 0,75 Unionized 51 1,31 Participation to a strike 54 1,40 Establishment Variables Health industry 47 1,88 Sales industry 49 1,52 « Many sanctions against employees » 49 1,17 « managerial social networks » 44 1,31 Presence of safety reps 44 0,82 Source: enquête Conditions de travail 2005 Total 44 - Source : Dares, Enquête REPONSE 2004, questionnaires « direction » et questionnaires « salariés »

Further improvements in the study of interactions between WC and IR : in WC surveys COI 2007 (Changement organisationnel et informatisation) • Nature of changes at work in the 3 last years (technology, organisation, localisation, ownership, other) • Opinion about the impact of change on work • Consultation by management • Participation of the interviewed to the consultation • Existence of elected representatives and/or unions • Union membership of the interviewed Source: enquête Conditions de travail 2005

Further improvements in the study of interactions between WC and IR : in WC surveys SUMER 2009 • Presence of elected or union representatives • Presence and activity of H&S representatives • Managerial prevention policy Source: enquête Conditions de travail 2005

Further improvements in the study of interactions between WC and IR : in IR surveys REPONSE 2010 • Managerial prevention policy • Presence and activity of H&S representatives (rep questionnaire) • Employee’s opinion about work (empl. questionnaire) • Panel of establishments… Source: enquête Conditions de travail 2005