Labour market institutions Labour market institutions Labour market - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Four models of welfare capitalism Four models of welfare capitalism (own adoption, cf. Estevez-Abe et al. 2001: 154) The I mpact of the EES on I talian and tax Financed by non-wage-labour-costs low Employment Protection high German Labour Market Reforms German Labour Market Reforms Modernized Scandinavian Model (rather) l and first results for OMC/ I nclusion Continental Model tection (e.g. Denmark) high (E.g. Germany ) - high unemployment benefits for a long time - good unemployment benefits - easy dismissal easy dismissal and the I talian Welfare Regime d th I t li W lf R i low Precariousn P yment Prot EES - proactive labour market measures - dismissal not so easy livelong learning ness Unemploy Anglo-Saxon Model Mediterranean Model high low (e.g. I taly ) inclusive labour market Sascha Zirra - low unemployment benefits - unemployment benefits - high employment protection - easy dismissal Workshop W k h “Comparing the EES and OMC/Inclusion inclusive Labour market exclusive in Germany, Italy and France” high g Employment rates p y low Ires Lucia Morosini Torino, June 2006 They suffer the Continental dilemma: (...) passive labor market policies are used to take workers out of work to alleviate labor market disequilibria the higher the social security cost workers out of work to alleviate labor market disequilibria, the higher the social security cost pressures that in turn lead to higher labor costs and thus yet more pressure to shed labor. (Ebbinghaus, 2005, p. 18) 1 2 Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg Labour market institutions Labour market institutions Labour market reforms and EES Labour market reforms and EES � In recent years, extensive labour market reforms � institutions of the employment system are � Aiming towards empowering and integrating employment regime Ai i t d i d i t ti l t i � merely provisional compromises between conflicting interests � coincide in many aspects with the demands of the European � thus, in principle, alterable at any time Employment Strategy (EES) � German labour-market regulation institutions Ge man labo ma ket eg lation instit tions � EES � are subject to particularly strong inertia. � coordinating pending reforms within the member states � comprehensive involvement of the social partners regions and comprehensive involvement of the social partners, regions and � ensuring a coherent, common European model ensuring a coherent common European model communes � benchmarking processes rather than by centralizing legislative � moderating role of the federal state in labour market policy competences � contributed to a system of consensual conflict regulation, � But institutional inertia of continental employment regulations, � � debatable whether the EES is capable of fundamentally allowing only incremental changes. changing them. g g � new problems are increasingly challenging this traditional model new problems are increasingly challenging this traditional model � too strong to grant the EES decisive influence (cf. Scharpf, 2002) based on � advent of a new attitude which is subtly transforming national � integration of all relevant stakeholders systems (Jacobsson, 2003). y ( , ) 3 4 Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg

Policy transfers within EES: Need of new approach Need of new approach I di id Individual Learning vs. Institutional Learning l L i I tit ti l L i � Linked increasingly disputed � learning between nation-states. � So far, beyond a contextual affinity, no causal connection found So far, beyond a contextual affinity, no causal connection found � also: individual learning processes � suggests that the classic concepts of political science insufficient to grasp � expansion of organizational decision-making repertoire the mechanisms of this “new mode of governance” � little known about the domestic mechanisms little known about the domestic mechanisms � � dominance of cognitive convergence � � dominance of cognitive convergence � Lack of understanding of the domestic appropriation of this transnational � not sufficient to assert the success of EES process, � “at best, a learning process for a limited community of labour market � takes into account institutional inertia technicians and experts” (Casey and Michael Gold, 2005, p. 37). � the results of individual learning process on the part of the actors involved in the EES. � institutional learning � � necessasity to introduce a third, intermediate level � actual impact of learning processes. � actual impact of learning processes � between the individual learning processes � actual institutional and programmatic changes in national policy and � of the civil servants involved and � institutional changes policy-making processes � � � national organizational fields. � national organizational fields � � fail to take into account the developmental context and the � explain why the EES only successful in labour market policy attendant conflicts of the institutional changes. � why broad aspects of its labour-market reforms are now regarded as having failed. failed 5 6 Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg The field of labour market policy EES as organizational learning EES as organizational learning as a learning forum l i f � transnational learning within epistemic communities. � to assess impact of the EES on domestic institutions � But agreements among technical experts must be implemented B t t t h i l t t b i l t d � need to take into account national employment systems. and accepted at a domestic level. � domestic regulatory ideas are � Is the EES effective beyond the borders of a narrow circle y � strongly institutionalized of technical experts and can it actually influence the � Deeply rooted in domestic, autonomously evolved structures, national employment regulations? � developed according to their own internal logic � methodical dilemma of effect analyses: th di l dil f ff t l � shaped by institutionalised beliefs � While individual learning approaches fail to explain how learning � developmental path neither linear nor predictable or teleological individuals overcome domestic institutional inertia, institutional � influence of present institutions shapes � influence of present institutions shapes, approaches have yet to be able to describe the processes which � but do not determine, further developments lead to the observed changes. � � external developments incapable of directly affecting national � � consider organizational learning processes. � consider organizational learning processes. employment regimes � organizations actors within the present domestic field � taken account of and processed according to internal criteria � involved in the bargaining processes within EES. � organizational learning not merely the sum of individual learning. i i l l i l h f i di id l l i 7 8 Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg Otto-Friedrich Universität Bamberg