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. there was Justesen (and earlier, Shannon and Berger .) Peter H.N. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 20, 2023 •444 likes •703 views

1 And In the beginning, . there was Justesen (and earlier, Shannon and Berger .) Peter H.N. de With (p.h.n.de.with@tue.nl ) slides version 1.0 PdW / 2017 Rdam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  1. 1 And In the beginning, …. there was Justesen (and earlier, Shannon and Berger ….) Peter H.N. de With (p.h.n.de.with@tue.nl ) slides version 1.0 PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  2. 2 Student project at Philips Res.  The emerging time of the compact disc 1983 – The VLP video disc was just introduced – Based on analogue FM recording – However, it could not record video…., and failed – Breading ground for digital audio playback  Philips Research Labs at the 1980’s …. – Before the strict project management …. – Also focus on the scientific background – Appreciation of scientific publications of the work – Journal of Research, & Philips Technical Magazine PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  3. 3 Picture describing local culture  A master engineer and one of his pupils in his own lab  Long-bearded research scientist  Having his first MSc student PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  4. 4 Picture describing local technology…  Custom IC for CD players approx. 1984  Stereo interpolation (error conc.) and upconversion  RAMs (3a+3b) signals  ROMs (4a+4b) for coeff.  MUACs (5a+5b) for filters  2.5 micron NMOS, 17,000 transistors on 16mm2.  We have indeed scaled up! PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  5. 5 MSc project / Problem statement  Modulation codes with better power spectrum – Codes have minimum power at dc, preferably zero at f=0 – Area around f=0 with little power spectrum – Acceptable information rate  Applications of such codes – Line codes in telephony – Runlength-limited codes to reduce ISI – Optical/Magnetic recording systems and robustness to avoid baseline wander PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  6. 6 MSc project / Problem statement – (2) Ac-coupled channel model and detection - s(t) is stream of rectangular pulses - n(t) is additive noise - d(t) is detection level Capacitor C is charged when long sequence of same signal polarity occurs, giving baseline wander PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  7. 7 Constraints for power spectrum  Assume binary signals, with pulses of opposite polariy  Compute the Running Digital Sum of symbols   RDS X ( t ) t  The Digital Sum Variation is a contraint on the RDS t 2   DSV X ( t ) max t 1 ,.. t 2 t 1 PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  8. 8 Code modeling with Markov sources  Each state is a state of the RDS  The RDS value Z(t) = Z(t-T) + X(t), with Z(0) = a  From the Markov property, it follows that P( Z(t) | Z(t-T), Z(t-2T) ... Z(0) ) = P( Z(t) | Z(t-T) ) PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  9. 9 Markov source description  Adjacency matrix is a Toeplitz matrix  Transition matrix Q is of same form with transitions p(j|i)  Stationary probabilities p s (i) are defined by     s i ( ) 1 p ( i ) Q ( i ) p p s s  i 1 ,.., N  Entropy of the source is the sum of conditional entropies N N         H ( X ) ( i ) H ( X | s i ) ( i ) h ( p ( i 1 | i ) p p s s   i 1 i 1     2 2  Variance of the RDS is important p ( i ) z ( i ) z s  i 1 ,.., N PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  10. 10 Rational power spectra & prediction Justesen  Predictor for 1st-order rational power spectrum is ˆ ˆ      X ( t ) X ( t T ) ( 1 r ) X ( t T )  Leading to predictor is a fraction of previous RDS (last state) N  ˆ      X ( t ) p ( j | i ) x ( j | i ) ( 1 r ) Z ( t T )  j 1  Ratio r can only take specific values due to discrete N values  The stationary probabilities are then the same as the Ehrenfest diffusion model (Feller)  In the maxentropic case: H(X) becomes the maximum eigenvalue of the Toeplitz matrix. PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  11. 11 Measure of dc content  Cut-off frequency of rational spectrum can be estimated as      2 2 2 /( 2 ) 0 x z PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  12. 12 New metric for dc content: low BER  Receiver density functions with additive Gaussian noise PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  13. 13 Example finding BER (N=5) PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  14. New metric / 14 BER curves  Curves for N=6 and N=7 and sum variance = 2.2, function of SNR (A/sigm)  New metric curves were used in discussion with Japanese partners  Then on the next morning discussion...! PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  15. 15 New contribution: Sources with weight W  Weighted Markov source with average weight W  Assign to each transition an individual weight w(j|i)  Replace weight later by constraint parameters  Problem: mazimize the entropy N N       H ( X ) p ( i ) ( p ( j | i ) log( p ( j | i )) s   i 1 j 1  Subject to N N      W ( i ) ( p ( j | i ) w ( p ( j | i )) p s   i 1 j 1  Can be solved with Lagrangian function .... PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  16. 16 Contribution: Sources & weight W – (2) PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  17. 17 Contribution: Sources & weight W – (3) Discussion  Analogy of solution with R(D) optimization with D constraint  Conform specification of distortions d(j|i) , initially set  Source and alphabet are known, fixed coupling of Z and X  The exponential exp(-s) leads to the slope of functions (D, R(D)) , likewise role occurs in (W, H(W)) PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  18. 18 Results / Sources – sum variance constr. Example N=5 PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  19. 19 Results / Sources - sum variance constraint PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  20. 20 Results / Sources – BER constraint PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  21. Reward 1 / 21 Publication at 5 th WIC symp.  My first publication ! on pages 194 - 201  Help and guidance of Kees and Han PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  22. 22 Reward 2 / Philips CD300 CD Player  My first CD player  First front loader  Thanks lovely wife Jelly!  Used so often that the “ Jaap ” burned…. PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  23. 23 Reward 3 – Multiple support of Kees  Learning how to write  Support for a PhD degree  Introduction to the IEEE Consumer Electronics Section  How to stay well…., at the Takanawa Prince Hotel  Incredible fun at special events, e.g. the AEW at Hakone in Japan, in the middle of nowhere….. (story has become a family classic)  Sampling of award events….etc., many many thanks! PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

  24. 24 Attending Kees‘ previous award ceremony  Eduard Rhein Award, Munich, Germany  Oct. 2015 PdW / 2017 R’dam Symposium Kees Immink, Fac. EE SPS-VCA IEEE Medal of Honour, June 16, 2017

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