Slide 1 / 104 Slide 2 / 104 5th Grade Earth and the Universe 2015-08-28 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 104 Slide 4 / 104 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section The Sun, Earth and Moon · The Sun, Earth and Moon Observable Patterns · Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 104 Slide 6 / 104 The Universe The Universe When you hear the word "universe", what images come to mind? The Universe includes living things, planets, stars, and galaxies. What is included in the universe?
Slide 7 / 104 Slide 8 / 104 Types of Galaxies Galaxies There are three main types of galaxies. Look at the shapes of the galaxies below. How would you categorize these galaxies? Click in the boxes to see their current names. A galaxy is a collection of stars, gas, and dust bound together by gravity. The Universe contains billions of galaxies, each containing millions or even billions of stars. Spiral Elliptical Irregular Slide 9 / 104 Slide 10 / 104 The Milky Way The Milky Way The Milky Way is shaped like a huge whirlpool. Outside the main If you travel away from the big city lights and you look up into the spiral are about 200 ball-shaped clusters of stars . night sky, you will see a bright band in the sky. The ancient Greeks saw this band and called it the milky circle. We live in one of the arms of this The Romans changed large spiral galaxy. The Sun and its the name to "Via planets (including Earth) lie in this Lactea", the milky quiet part of the galaxy, about half road, or as we now way out from the center. call it the "Milky Way." Our Solar System is The Milky Way is our here. galaxy. Slide 11 / 104 Slide 12 / 104 Hubble Ultra Deep Field 1 The universe contains which of the following? A Planets How many other galaxies are out there? Turns out, more than we thought... B Stars C Galaxies D All of the above Click here watch a video about Hubble Ultra Deep Field.
Slide 13 / 104 Slide 14 / 104 2 Which force holds a galaxy together? 3 Who helped to name the Milky Way? A Gravity A Ancient Romans B Intertia B Ancient Greeks C Magnetism C Cavemen D None of the above D Both A and B Slide 15 / 104 Slide 16 / 104 Galaxy Sorting Activity 4 The Milky Way is the only galaxy. What skills do scientists need to organize and describe objects that True they are studying? Find out in this activity! False Slide 17 / 104 Slide 18 / 104 Does this look more familiar? Is there anything odd about this picture?
Slide 19 / 104 Slide 20 / 104 The Sun Our Sun - "Sol" Both pictures are correct! Our Sun is not unique in the universe. It is a common, medium-sized yellow star which scientists have named Sol, after the ancient Roman name. This is why our system of planets is called the Solar System. The sun is a star. Slide 21 / 104 Slide 22 / 104 Is the sun the biggest star? Our Sun - "Sol" There are many stars that are much bigger than the sun. This is what stars look like in the sky. If this is true, then why does the sun look like the biggest star in the sky? Note Write your thoughts below. Slide 23 / 104 Slide 24 / 104 Street Lights Here is the Sun in the sky. These streetlights Note are all the same size. Use the ruler and It certainly looks bigger than all the measure them. other stars. From this perspective, do they Can we always trust what we see? look the same size? Explain.
Slide 25 / 104 Slide 26 / 104 The Sun Think Much Bigger! 3 Just as the street lights seemed to 2 change size with distance, so do The sun appears so stars. much larger and brighter than the other stars we These stars are all the same size. usually see in the sky Which one is farthest away? because we are so close to it. 1 The sun is not the brightest star but it is the closest one to us. Sun Slide 27 / 104 Slide 28 / 104 5 The sun is 6 Do same sized objects viewed from the same distance look the same size? A a small yellow star. Yes B a medium yellow star. No C a large yellow star. Slide 29 / 104 Slide 30 / 104 Luminosity Lab 7 Do same sized objects viewed from different distances appear different sizes? In this lab, collect data to support the idea that the sun shines brighter than other stars because of its proximity with Earth. Yes No
Slide 31 / 104 Slide 32 / 104 Distance Distance Distance is measured in a variety of units, depending on what is What would happen if you measured the distance between your being measured. house and the grocery store in centimeters? What would be an appropriate unit of measure for the examples below? (Think metric!) Distance from your centimeters fingers to your shoulder Distance from you to the meters front of the classroom Distance between your kilometers house and the grocery store Slide 33 / 104 Slide 34 / 104 Distance Light-years The same idea holds true if we try to measure distance between We measure distances to the moon, planets and stars in light-years. objects in the universe using units of measure used here on Earth. A light-year is the distance that light can travel in 1 year. The universe is a much larger entity so we must use a different unit of measure. How far is that? In one year, light travels about 10 trillion km, or close to 6 trillion miles! This is a picture of the The next nearest star to Earth is Milky Way as viewed Proxima Centauri, about 4.2 light-years from the mountains in away. West Virginia. (Notice it looks larger and brighter than the stars around it. Why is that?) Slide 35 / 104 Slide 36 / 104 8 A light-year is a unit of time. 9 This is a picture of the crab supernova. If the distance between the Earth and the crab supernova is 40,000 trillion km, how many light-years is this? True (Remember: light can travel 10 trillion km in one year.) False A 400,000 B 40,000 C 4,000 D 400
Slide 37 / 104 Slide 38 / 104 Light Years Activity Earth's Rotation Use your math skills to complete some light-years calculations in this The Earth rotates on its axis. The axis is an imaginary line activity. from the North Pole to the South Pole. How many days does it take for Earth to complete a rotation? 1 Day Slide 39 / 104 Slide 40 / 104 Earth's Tilt Earth's Revolution What do you notice about the Earth in the illustration below? The path of the Earth around the Sun is called the orbit. The Earth revolves around the sun. Sun Sun Earth is tilted on its axis as it revolves around the sun. Remember How many days does it take for the Earth to revolve around the sun? this as it contributes to an important observable pattern in the next section! 365.25 days Slide 41 / 104 Slide 42 / 104 The Earth and Moon The Earth and Moon The moon revolves around the Earth, about once per month. The moon also rotates. This rotation is very slow. One rotation takes the same amount of time as its revolution around the Earth. Because of this, the same side of the moon is facing the Earth at all times. This picture, taken from space, shows the sun illuminating the Earth and moon. Where would the Sun be in this photo? Put this star where the Sun should be.
Slide 43 / 104 Slide 44 / 104 10 The Earth rotates on its ___. 11 A(n) ____ is one spin around an axis. A axis A orbit B axia B rotation C equator C revolution D orbit D degree Slide 45 / 104 Slide 46 / 104 12 A(n) ____ is one lap around an orbit. 13 How long does one revolution of the Earth around the sun take? A axis A 1 day B rotation B 1 month C revolution C 1 season D degree D 1 year Slide 47 / 104 Slide 48 / 104 14 The moon always looks the same because it does not 15 The moon does not revolve around the Sun. (Think!) move. True True False False
Slide 49 / 104 Slide 50 / 104 Observable Patterns Due to the positions and movement of the Earth and Moon around the Sun, we can see patterns on a regular basis. Observable Patterns The moon is missing from this animation. How many times will Return to Table of Contents the moon orbit the Earth during one of Earth's revolutions? Slide 51 / 104 Slide 52 / 104 Pattern 1 - Day and Night Pattern 1 - Day and Night Earlier, you put the sun on this photo. What are the people on As the Earth rotates, only the side facing the Sun is in daylight. Earth experiencing when they are at position A? B? Day Night Sun Notice how the lights turn on as countries enter the A B night side of the Earth. Slide 53 / 104 Slide 54 / 104 16 What causes the pattern of day and night? 17 The Sun does not shine when it is night time. A The Earth's rotation around the sun. True B The Earth's rotation around its axis. False C The Earth's revolution around the sun. D The Earth's revolution around its axis.
Slide 55 / 104 Slide 56 / 104 Pattern 2 Pattern 2 - Shadows The next pattern we will look at is the answer to the following riddle: Answer: Your shadow! I follow you around in the light, I say good bye to you in the night? Who am I? Slide 57 / 104 Slide 58 / 104 Pattern 2 - Shadows Pattern 2 - Shadows Have you ever noticed that your shadow is longest in the early morning and in the late afternoon? A shadow is the absence of light. When an Did you get shorter? object blocks light, it creates a shadow. Did you grow? No? Then what happened? Think about these questions as you complete the following exercises. Slide 59 / 104 Slide 60 / 104 Pattern 2 - Shadows Pattern 2 - Shadows Your experiences may have made that a simple task. Add the shadows or suns to the pictures in the place where they belong. Did you know there is a pattern of shadows everyday? As you complete the next exercise, pay attention to the pattern of shadows.
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