Milan, AIAM - SIA 13 September 2017 The role of soil organic matter on greenhouse gas emissions from different fertilizers Leonardo Verdi 1 *, Marco Napoli 1 , Marco Mancini 2 , Mirjana Ljubojević 3 , Anna Dalla Marta 1 , Simone Orlandini 1 1 Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente, Università di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Firenze, Italy leonardo.verdi@unifi.it 2 Fondazione per il Clima e la Sostenibilità, via Giovanni Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy 3 Department for Fruit Growing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Trg Dositeja Obradovi ć a 8, Novi Sad, Serbia
Evaluation of energy and mass balances for sustainable management of urban and rural systems PhD project: GHG emissions evaluation from different fertilizers on bare • soil at two organic matter level GHG emissions evaluation from different fertilizers on • maize Energy and massa balance (N) on maize and barley •
State of art Uncertainty on emission dynamics from bare soil ( Henault et al. 1998; La Scala et al. 2000; Le Mers & Rogers 2001; Velthof et al. 2003; Lopez-Férnandez et al. 2007; Carozzi et al. 2013; Oertel et al. 2016) CO 2 – lack on emissions data from bare soil on Mediterranean area • CH 4 – available data only on wet lands (e.g. paddy fields 0,83 – 1,25 Kg CH 4 /ha/day; Oertel et al. • 2016) N 2 O – uncertainty regarding the role of soil organic C (Velthof et al. 2003) • - wide variability based on fertilizers, soil, climate NH 3 – iaffected by a wide range of soil factors • The role of soil organic matter on greenhouse gas emissions from different fertilizers 1
Materials and Methods • 3 replicate • 2 organic matter levels: OM1 (1,3%) – OM2 (4,3%) • 3 treatments: Control (no fertilization) Digestate , liquid fraction from pig slurries Urea • 18 pots (8 L volume) • 150 Kg N/ha • 2 irrigations (10 mm/each) Unit Soil Digestate Urea C % 1.55 Dry matter % 1.81 100.00 N % 0.15 Organic Carbon % 34.51 19.99 pH % 8.09 N content Total % 0.32 46.00 + % Sand % 55.00 N-NH 4 0.29 - - % N-NO 3 0.04 - Silt % 29.60 Clay % 15.40
Materials and Methods Portable Analyzer X – CGM 400 Characteristics: - Automatic temperature control system - Automatic sampling pump - Specific filtering system 0,5 µm - Integrated management system - NDIR sensors for N 2 O analysis - Electochemical sensors for NH 3 analysis - NDIR sensors for CO 2 analysis - NDIR sensors for CH 4 analysis - Software for data management - Data recording system on SD card - USB connection cable - Software for gas calibrations - LCD display - Software remote control - Samplings PTFE system - Charging system - CGM automatic ventilation system
22-May 23-May 24-May 25-May 26-May 27-May 28-May 29-May 30-May Materials and Methods 31-May 1-Jun 2-Jun 3-Jun 4-Jun 5-Jun 6-Jun 7-Jun 8-Jun 9-Jun 10-Jun 11-Jun 12-Jun 13-Jun 14-Jun 15-Jun 16-Jun
Materials and Methods Maize 2017 (Var. Ronaldinho)
Results CH 4 emission flux Control Digestate 4 4 3 3 Kg C / ha / day Kg C / ha / day 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 6 11 16 21 26 1 6 11 16 21 26 Days Days Urea 4 3 Kg C / ha / day 2 1 OM 1,3% -------- OM 4.3% -------- 0 1 6 11 16 21 26 Day
Results kg CO 2 C/ha/26 days kg CH 4 C/ha/26 days kg N 2 O N/ha/26 days kg NH 3 N/ha/26 days OM1 OM2 OM1 OM2 OM1 OM2 OM1 OM2 8.06 d 8.06 d 0.04 c 0.31 bc 0.00 e 0.06 de Control 38,50 g 129,19 e Digestate SN 15.07 a 12.65 b 0.96 b 7.65 a 0.61 b 0.59 b 604,12 b 679,75 a 8.95 d 11.17 bc 0.09 c 0.29 bc 0.09 de 1.15 a Urea SN 67,04 f 206,67 c kg CO 2 C/ha/26 kg CH 4 C/ha/26 kg N 2 O N/ha/26 kg NH 3 N/ha/26 day day day day 19,80 a 2,17 a 0,71 a Digestate Maize 1196,91 a 29,65 b 1,67 b 2,09 b Urea Maize 291,96 b
Results on Maize 14 12 10 Treatment N kg/ha t DM/ha 8 Digestate 138,27 6 Urea 143,81 Control 99,54 4 2 0 160 digestate urea control 140 120 Treatment yield t DM/ha 100 Digestate 13,627 N kg/ha 80 Urea 13,244 60 Control 9,115 40 20 0 digestate urea control 1
Conclusions CO 2 results represent a starting point for further experimentations on bare soil • emission reduction First information regarding CH 4 emissions, lower data observed than wet lands • Digestate injection represent an effective strategy for total N emissions reduction. • However, digestate management still represent a critical issue Digestate reduce NH 3 emissions • Further experiments that consider soil bacteria population are required • Further experimentation on soil emissions from compost use are performing •
Acknowledgements Thanks for your attention Part of this research is supported by "H2020 SERBIA FOR EXCELL" project. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 691998.
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